{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T16:55:20Z","timestamp":1790441720109,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011102","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003173","name":"Crafoordska Stiftelsen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003173","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["275453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["275453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Status epilepticus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>) is an abnormally prolonged epileptic seizure that if associated with convulsive motor symptoms is potentially life threatening for a patient. However, 20%\u201040% of patients with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>lack convulsive events and instead present with more subtle semiology such as altered consciousness and less motor activity. Today, there is no general consensus regarding to what extent nonconvulsive<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SE<\/jats:styled-content>(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCSE<\/jats:styled-content>) is harmful to the brain, which adds uncertainty to stringent treatment regimes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we evaluated brain pathology in an experimental rat and mouse model of complex partial<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCSE<\/jats:styled-content>originating in the temporal lobes with Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DTI<\/jats:styled-content>). The<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCSE<\/jats:styled-content>was induced by electrical stimulation with intrahippocampal electrodes and terminated with pentobarbital anesthesia. Video\u2010electroencephalographic recordings were performed throughout the experiment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DTI<\/jats:styled-content>of mice 7 weeks post\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCSE<\/jats:styled-content>showed no robust long\u2010lasting changes in fractional anisotropy within the hippocampal epileptic focus. Instead, we found pathophysiological changes developing over time when measuring protein levels and cell counts in extracted brain tissue. At 6 and 24 hours post\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCSE<\/jats:styled-content>in rats, few changes were observed within the hippocampus and cortical or subcortical structures in Western blot analyses of key components of the cellular immune response and synaptic protein expression, while neurodegeneration had started. However, 1 week post\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCSE<\/jats:styled-content>, both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic protein levels were decreased in hippocampus, concomitant with an excessive microglial and astrocytic activation. At 4 weeks, a continuous immune response in the hippocampus was accompanied with neuronal loss. Levels of the excitatory synaptic adhesion molecule N\u2010cadherin were decreased specifically in rats that developed unprovoked spontaneous seizures (epileptogenesis) within 1 month following<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCSE<\/jats:styled-content>, compared to rats only exhibiting acute symptomatic seizures within 1 week post\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCSE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings provide evidence for a significant brain pathology following<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCSE<\/jats:styled-content>in an experimental rodent model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T03:04:26Z","timestamp":1523415866000},"page":"945-958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in rats leads to brain pathology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Una","family":"Avdic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Inflammation and Stem Cell Therapy Group Lund University Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Epilepsy Center Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matilda","family":"Ahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Inflammation and Stem Cell Therapy Group Lund University Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Epilepsy Center Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepti","family":"Chugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Inflammation and Stem Cell Therapy Group Lund University Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Epilepsy Center Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idrish","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Inflammation and Stem Cell Therapy Group Lund University Lund Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Epilepsy Center Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karthik","family":"Chary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Imaging Unit A. 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