{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T23:18:36Z","timestamp":1782602316841,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]],"date-time":"2018-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs; oxcarbazepine [OXC], levetiracetam [LEV], and lamotrigine [LTG]) on semen quality, sexual function, and sex hormones in male adults with epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individual treatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OXC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> LEV<\/jats:styled-content>, or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTG<\/jats:styled-content> was randomly assigned to 38 newly diagnosed male adult patients with epilepsy. Semen quality and sex hormones were measured before treatment and 6\u00a0months after taking the medicine. A questionnaire was administered using the International Index of Erectile Function Scale\u20105 and the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool Self\u2010Assessment Scale to evaluate sexual function, followed by an analysis of the comparison between the treated patients and healthy volunteers (healthy controls) as well as the changes and differences between the patients themselves before and after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The total sperm count, fast forward movement rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFMR<\/jats:styled-content>), survival rate, and normal sperm rate in the group with epilepsy were lower than those in healthy controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFMR<\/jats:styled-content> and survival rate of sperm after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OXC<\/jats:styled-content> treatment were significantly higher than before treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). All semen parameters after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LEV<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTG<\/jats:styled-content> showed a possible trend for improvement, but no significant statistical difference. There was no significant difference in sexual function between patients and the control group, as well as before and after treatment with the 3 different <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s. There was no significant difference in sex hormone levels in the epilepsy group before treatment compared with the healthy controls, or when compared after treatment with the 3 different <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s. The marital rate and fertility rate of patients with epilepsy were significantly lower than those of healthy controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The semen quality of males with epilepsy is decreased even before treatment. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AED<\/jats:styled-content>s (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OXC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> LEV<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTG<\/jats:styled-content>) have no significant effect on sexual function and sex hormones, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OXC<\/jats:styled-content> can improve the sperm <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFMR<\/jats:styled-content> and survival rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]],"date-time":"2018-06-11T14:42:43Z","timestamp":1528728163000},"page":"1344-1350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The effects of oxcarbazepine, levetiracetam, and lamotrigine on semen quality, sexual function, and sex hormones in male adults with epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Southwest Medical University Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Southwest Medical University Luzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fayuan","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Zizhong People's Hospital Neijiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan People's Hospital Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology 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