{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T15:58:57Z","timestamp":1770911937684,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]],"date-time":"2018-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Worsening pharmacoresistance to antiseizure drugs is common with ongoing excitotoxic neuronal and systemic injury. Early initiation of anesthetic drugs in refractory status epilepticus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSE<\/jats:styled-content>) may halt these processes while allowing time for treatment targeting the cause of the seizures. Current guidelines support the use of anesthetic drugs as the third line pharmacologic therapy in generalized convulsive status epilepticus but do not clearly define the indications for these drugs in other types of status epilepticus. There is wide practice variation in choice of third line therapy for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSE<\/jats:styled-content>, but there is overall consensus that anesthetics should be initiated earlier in generalized convulsive status epilepticus than in nonconvulsive forms. More recently, doubt has been cast on the appropriateness of anesthetic treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSE<\/jats:styled-content> following a series of studies associating their use with higher mortality and morbidity. This suggests that efforts should focus on determination of who benefits most, optimal use, and prevention of refractoriness. The risk\u2010benefit ratio of anesthetic use is discussed, with specific indications proposed. In addition, anesthetic dosing, supportive neurocritical care, electroencephalogram suppression target, and weaning of anesthesia are reviewed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T11:29:23Z","timestamp":1535628563000},"page":"188-192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Anesthetic drugs for the treatment of status epilepticus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Hocker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Division of Critical Care Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.28501.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(03)00036-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.8.1095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-012-9790-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02917.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-012-9695-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5698\/1535-7597-16.1.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182591ff1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000881"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-016-0389-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181b08ac7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000723"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003224"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.11.1698"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.2.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.041947"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-013-9935-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13883"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199907000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.7.835"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Intellectual impairment as an outcome of status epilepticus","volume":"40","author":"Dodrill CB","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f07334"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00775.x"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fepi.14498","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.14498","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T18:48:08Z","timestamp":1694890088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.14498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.14498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.14498","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-12-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}