{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:15:32Z","timestamp":1792458932778,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]],"date-time":"2018-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011110","name":"UCB","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011110","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n The definition of drug\u2010resistant epilepsy (\n DRE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) affects case identification and treatment, and impacts prevalence or incidence estimates and health burden estimation in epidemiology. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the consistency between definitions of\n DRE<\/jats:styled-content>\n in the literature and the official definition in the International League Against Epilepsy (\n ILAE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) guidelines, and to estimate the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for\n DRE<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content>\n were searched for observational studies of\n DRE<\/jats:styled-content>\n published between January 1980 and July 2015. The definitions of\n DRE<\/jats:styled-content>\n in these studies were compared with the definition in the\n ILAE<\/jats:styled-content>\n guidelines. Random\u2010effect model meta\u2010analyses were used to generate pooled estimates of prevalence or incidence and pooled odds ratios of the association with risk factors.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty\u2010five studies met inclusion criteria, including 13\u00a0080 epilepsy patients and 3941 patients with\n DRE<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The definition of\n DRE<\/jats:styled-content>\n varied widely across studies, with only 12% meeting the requirements of the\n ILAE<\/jats:styled-content>\n definition. The pooled prevalence proportion of\n DRE<\/jats:styled-content>\n among epilepsy patients was 0.30 (95% confidence interval [\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ]\u00a00.19\u20100.42), and the pooled incidence proportion was 0.15 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u00a00.11\u20100.19). Age at onset, symptomatic epilepsy, abnormal neuroimaging findings, abnormal electroencephalography results, history of mental retardation, neuropsychiatric disorders, febrile seizure, and status epilepticus increased risk for\n DRE<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Significance<\/jats:title>\n \n There are limited high\u2010quality data available on\n DRE<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Lack of consistency in definitions limits the ability to obtain robust estimates on the burden of\n DRE<\/jats:styled-content>\n . More data based on the\n ILAE<\/jats:styled-content>\n definition from well\u2010designed epidemiologic studies are needed to generate accurate and reliable results.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]],"date-time":"2018-11-14T01:25:26Z","timestamp":1542158726000},"page":"2179-2193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":558,"title":["The epidemiology of drug\u2010resistant epilepsy: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"Kalilani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCB Pharma Raleigh North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuezheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCB Pharma Raleigh North Carolina"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Pelgrims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCB Pharma Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Noack\u2010Rink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCB Pharma Monheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Refractory Epilepsy Unit Neurology Service Hospital Universitario y Polit\u00e9cnico La Fe Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.61.5.433"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31823d4db9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002033420503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61150-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12603"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02397.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12633"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"WellsGA SheaBJ O\u2019ConnellD et\u00a0al.The Newcastle\u2010Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta\u2010analyses.2009[cited 2016 Apr 25]. 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