{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:50:39Z","timestamp":1792050639446,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010327","name":"Cincinnati Children\u2019s Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010327","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied age\u2010related dynamics of information sharing among cortical language regions with electrocorticographic high\u2010gamma modulation during picture\u2010naming and story\u2010listening tasks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventeen epilepsy patients aged 4\u201019\u00a0years, undergoing extraoperative monitoring with left\u2010hemispheric subdural electrodes, were included. Mutual information (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content>), a nondirectional measure of shared information, between 16 pairs of cortical regions of interest, was computed from trial\u2010averaged 70\u2013150 Hz power modulations during language tasks. Impact of age on pairwise MI between language regions and their determinants were ascertained with regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During picture naming, significant increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content> with age was seen between pairwise combinations of Broca's area, inferior precentral gyrus (iPreC), and frontal association cortex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAC<\/jats:styled-content>); Wernicke's area and posterior association cortex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAC<\/jats:styled-content>); and Broca's and Wernicke's areas. During story listening, significant age\u2010related increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content> was seen between Wernicke's area and either Broca's area, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAC<\/jats:styled-content>, or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAC<\/jats:styled-content>; and between Broca's area and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAC<\/jats:styled-content>. Significant impact of baseline intelligence quotient was seen on the relationship between age and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content> for all pairs, except between Broca's area and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iP<\/jats:styled-content>reC. The mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content> was higher during naming compared to listening for pairs including <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iP<\/jats:styled-content>reC with Broca's area, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAC<\/jats:styled-content>, or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAC<\/jats:styled-content> and was lower for pairs of Wernicke's area or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAC<\/jats:styled-content> with anterior language regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Information sharing matures with age \u201cwithin\u201d frontal and temporoparietal language cortices, and \u201cbetween\u201d Broca's and Wernicke's areas. This study provides evidence for distinct patterns of developmental plasticity within perisylvian language cortex and has implications for planning epilepsy surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T08:35:58Z","timestamp":1549874158000},"page":"393-405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Development of information sharing in language neocortex in\u00a0childhood\u2010onset drug\u2010resistant epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0873-9718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravindra","family":"Arya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Ervin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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