{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T03:27:24Z","timestamp":1775791644595,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,13]],"date-time":"2019-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"Summary<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>Status epilepticus (SE<\/jats:styled-content>) is an important medical emergency condition with particularly unfavorable outcome in refractory and superrefractory SE<\/jats:styled-content> (SRSE<\/jats:styled-content>). The economic impact of SE<\/jats:styled-content> and especially of SRSE<\/jats:styled-content> in the pediatric population remains unclear. We aimed to determine the burden of illness of SE<\/jats:styled-content> in a pediatric patient population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Insurance records for patients aged 0\u201018\u00a0years admitted between 2008 and 2015 were selected from a nationwide insurance research database utilizing International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010) codes for SE<\/jats:styled-content> (G41), epilepsy (G40), or febrile convulsions (R56). Patients were further classified based on admission to the intensive care unit and use of mechanical ventilation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The algorithm identified 11\u00a0693 seizure\u2010related admissions and classified 4% as SE<\/jats:styled-content>. Of these cases, 282 (60.4%) were classified by the algorithm as nonrefractory SE<\/jats:styled-content> (NRSE<\/jats:styled-content>), 125 (26.8%) as refractory SE<\/jats:styled-content> (RSE<\/jats:styled-content>), and 60 (12.8%) as SRSE<\/jats:styled-content>. The crude SE<\/jats:styled-content> incidence was 17.6\/100\u00a0000, with NRSE<\/jats:styled-content> being 11.4\/100\u00a0000, RSE<\/jats:styled-content> 3.9\/100\u00a0000, and SRSE<\/jats:styled-content> 2.3\/100\u00a0000. SRSE<\/jats:styled-content> incidence peaked in the 0\u2010 to 1\u2010year\u2010old age subgroup accounting for 48.3% of all pediatric SRSE<\/jats:styled-content> admissions. The median length of stay (LOS<\/jats:styled-content>) for all SE<\/jats:styled-content> cases was 7\u00a0days, with median 44.5\u00a0days in SRSE<\/jats:styled-content>, 5\u00a0days in NRSE<\/jats:styled-content>, and 12\u00a0days in RSE<\/jats:styled-content>. Mean admission costs for total SE<\/jats:styled-content> were \u20ac15\u00a0880, with a mean expense for SRSE<\/jats:styled-content> of \u20ac75\u00a0358, for NRSE<\/jats:styled-content> of \u20ac4119, and for RSE<\/jats:styled-content> of \u20ac13\u00a0864. The mean LOS<\/jats:styled-content> for non\u2010SE<\/jats:styled-content> epilepsy admissions was 3\u00a0days, with mean costs of \u20ac2697 for epilepsy and \u20ac1614 for febrile convulsion admissions. There were no deaths in non\u2010SE<\/jats:styled-content> and NRSE<\/jats:styled-content> admissions, whereas the overall mortality for SE<\/jats:styled-content> was 3%, with 5.6% in RSE<\/jats:styled-content> and 11.7% in SRSE<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Significance<\/jats:title>Although cases classified as SE<\/jats:styled-content> represented 4% of the seizure\u2010associated admissions, they accounted for 22% of the overall costs. These costs were disproportionately represented by SRSE<\/jats:styled-content> cases, which accounted for 62% of all SE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated costs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,13]],"date-time":"2019-04-13T15:19:37Z","timestamp":1555168777000},"page":"911-920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Burden and epidemiology of status epilepticus in infants, children, and adolescents: A population\u2010based study on German health insurance data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Susanne","family":"Schubert\u2010Bast","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main and Department of Neurology Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neuropediatrics Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johann Philipp","family":"Z\u00f6llner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main and Department of Neurology Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Ansorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arvato Health Analytics GmbH Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Hapfelmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arvato Health Analytics GmbH Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijayveer","family":"Bonthapally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sage Therapeutics, Inc. Cambridge Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adi","family":"Eldar\u2010Lissai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sage Therapeutics, Inc. Cambridge Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Rosenow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main and Department of Neurology Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"Epilepsy Center Hessen and Department of Neurology Philipps\u2010University Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Strzelczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main and Department of Neurology Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"Epilepsy Center Hessen and Department of Neurology Philipps\u2010University Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03622.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000180959.31355.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(95)00044-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12284"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002843"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941875210383176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03238.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000881"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.02.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-016-0389-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-014-0452-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2016.1223680"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-013-9935-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13883"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13837"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70546-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm5040047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"984124","article-title":"Cognitive outcome of status epilepticus in children","volume":"2012","author":"Sheppard E","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res Treat"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.4.1029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.3.735"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69043-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.4382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Health Insurance Data Confirm High Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"42","author":"Dippel FW","year":"2015","journal-title":"Akt Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-108647"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","unstructured":"Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care. 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