{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:49:25Z","timestamp":1787014165112,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n Treatment options for seizure clusters are limited; the need for easy\u2010to\u2010administer treatments remains. The Staccato system delivers drug deep into the lung via inhalation. In this phase 2a study, we investigated the ability of three different doses of Staccato alprazolam to suppress the electroencephalographic (\n EEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) photoparoxysmal response (\n PPR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) compared with placebo in participants with photosensitive seizures.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Adults (18\u201060\u00a0years) with a diagnosis and history of\n PPR<\/jats:styled-content>\n on\n EEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n with or without an epilepsy diagnosis were eligible to participate. Participants received Staccato alprazolam 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0\u00a0mg, and Staccato placebo (twice) in random order. Intermittent photic stimulation and clinical assessments were performed at one predose and seven postdose time points. The primary endpoint of the study was the change in standardized photosensitivity range (\n SPR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in participants receiving each dose of Staccato alprazolam.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Fifteen participants with a prior epilepsy diagnosis were screened; five were enrolled, randomized, and completed the study. All participants were white females with a mean (\n SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) age of 27.2 (6.8) years. All doses of Staccato alprazolam reduced the\n SPR<\/jats:styled-content>\n at 2\u00a0minutes; the effect was sustained through 4\u00a0hours for the 0.5\u2010mg dose and 6\u00a0hours for the 1.0\u2010 and 2.0\u2010mg doses. The magnitude and duration of sedation and sleepiness were dose\u2010related. Four participants (80%) experienced \u22651 adverse event (\n AE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ); none was severe or serious. Cough, diarrhea, dysgeusia, oral dysesthesia, sedation, and somnolence were experienced by two participants (40%) each.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Significance<\/jats:title>\n \n This proof\u2010of\u2010concept study demonstrated that Staccato alprazolam 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0\u00a0mg rapidly suppressed epileptiform activity in photosensitive participants with epilepsy. The\n AE<\/jats:styled-content>\n profile of Staccato alprazolam was similar to what has been reported for alprazolam for other indications. The results support further development of Staccato alprazolam as a rescue medication for the acute treatment of seizures.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T11:17:58Z","timestamp":1562152678000},"page":"1602-1609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Inhaled alprazolam rapidly suppresses epileptic activity in photosensitive participants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2242-8027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline A.","family":"French","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology New York University School of Medicine New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3146-986X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Wechsler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Idaho Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Boise Idaho"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Gelfand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blanca","family":"Vazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology New York University School of Medicine New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1068-1797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology New York University School of Medicine New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lily H.","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alexza Pharmaceuticals Mountain View California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Kamemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alexza Pharmaceuticals Mountain View California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jouko","family":"Isojarvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engage Therapeutics Summit New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James V.","family":"Cassella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alexza Pharmaceuticals Mountain View California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"DIASTAT AcuDialTM (diazepam rectal gel) [prescribing information].Durham NC: Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-5050(02)00559-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1985.tb03411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12755"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7253.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Xanax [prescribing information]","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(95)02147-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.14712\/18059694.2020.35","article-title":"Effect of alprazolam and ketamine on seizures induced by two different convulsants","volume":"40","author":"Henrink J","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"1121","article-title":"Ro 19\u20108022, a nonbenzodiazepine partial agonist at benzodiazepine receptors: neuropharmacological profile of a potential anxiolytic","volume":"262","author":"Jenck F","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/fpj.77.483"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"Staccato alprazolam in panic attack. Available at:https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/results\/NCT00477451. Accessed January 23 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1992.tb02296.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(96)00031-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-013-0243-0"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.16279","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/epi.16279","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.16279","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T15:22:18Z","timestamp":1694272938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.16279"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.16279"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.16279","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}