{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:48:41Z","timestamp":1790718521278,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]],"date-time":"2019-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Stichting Vooruit"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frontal lobe in childhood absence epilepsy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAE<\/jats:styled-content>) might be affected due to the suggested involvement of the frontal lobe during absence seizures and reports on attentional deficits. Previously, subtle white matter abnormalities have been reported in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAE<\/jats:styled-content>. However, the impact of one of the most characteristic components of the white matter, the myelin content, remains underdetermined. Therefore, this study investigated whether the myelin content in frontal areas is adversely affected in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAE<\/jats:styled-content> compared to controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventeen children with childhood absence epilepsy (mean age \u00b1 standard deviation [SD], 9.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.1\u00a0years) and 15 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched controls (mean age \u00b1 SD, 9.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.8\u00a0years) underwent neuropsychological assessment and a magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI)<\/jats:styled-content> examination. T2 relaxometry scans were used to distinguish myelin\u2010water from tissue water and to determine the myelin\u2010water fraction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWF<\/jats:styled-content>) in the frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and insular lobes. A linear regression model including age and sex as covariates was used to investigate group differences. Furthermore, the relationship of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MWF<\/jats:styled-content> with cognitive performance and epilepsy characteristics was determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frontal lobe revealed a significantly lower myelin\u2010water content in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAE<\/jats:styled-content> compared to controls over the developmental age range of 6\u201012\u00a0years (5.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.0% vs 6.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.1%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). This association was not found for any of the other four lobes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.10). No significant relation was found between myelin\u2010water content and cognitive performance or epilepsy characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lower frontal myelin\u2010water content of children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAE<\/jats:styled-content> in comparison with healthy controls probably reflects an altered neurodevelopmental aspect in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAE<\/jats:styled-content>, of which the underlying mechanisms still need to be unraveled.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]],"date-time":"2019-07-08T18:03:46Z","timestamp":1562609026000},"page":"1689-1696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Lower myelin\u2010water content of the frontal lobe in childhood absence epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Gerhard S.","family":"Drenthen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric L. A.","family":"Fonseca Wald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral Sciences Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe Heeze The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter H.","family":"Backes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariette H. J. A.","family":"Debeij - Van Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Sciences Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe Heeze The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos G. M.","family":"Hendriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral Sciences Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe Heeze The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert P.","family":"Aldenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral Sciences Epilepsy Center Kempenhaeghe Heeze The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Jeroen","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Klinkenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5271-8060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacobus F. A.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31824f801d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02698.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02198.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2016.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2013.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2016.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a9f3ca"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03706.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2012.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.24.3.311.985"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12551"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.6.1338"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1059-1311(92)90038-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00483"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2007.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn4023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25198"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02522.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13670"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children","author":"Wechsler D","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","volume-title":"WISC\u2010III NL","author":"Kort W","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","article-title":"Bourdon\u2010Vos test handleiding. Swets test","author":"Vos PG","year":"1988","journal-title":"Services"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012372560-8\/50002-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2006.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200033797"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910370107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2364(89)90011-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25849"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.08.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1306382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-017-1782-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.04.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.1.FOCUS12426"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24525"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2013.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","first-page":"4516","article-title":"The relationship between the occurrence of intractable epilepsy with glial cells and myelin sheath \u2010 an experimental study","volume":"20","author":"Hu X","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2017.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-016-0187-z"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fepi.16280","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.16280","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/epi.16280","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.16280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T19:21:32Z","timestamp":1694287292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.16280"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.16280"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.16280","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}