{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T12:55:01Z","timestamp":1793451301561,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]],"date-time":"2019-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004844","name":"National Cheng Kung University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1050611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1050611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004844","name":"National Cheng Kung University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1060216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1060216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007225","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106\u20102314\u2010B006\u2010065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106\u20102314\u2010B006\u2010065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007225","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106\u20102314\u2010B\u2010006\u2010075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106\u20102314\u2010B\u2010006\u2010075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007225","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["108\u20102321\u2010B\u2010006\u2010023\u2010MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108\u20102321\u2010B\u2010006\u2010023\u2010MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the incidence of epilepsy and identified neonatal risk morbidities for epilepsy in children born extremely preterm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 806 very preterm infants (birth weight\u00a0&lt;\u00a01500\u00a0g, gestational age\u00a0&lt;\u00a032\u00a0weeks) who survived and were discharged from the four neonatal intensive care units in southern Taiwan between 2003 and 2012, 686 (85.1%) had longitudinal neurodevelopmental follow\u2010up assessments up to 5\u00a0years of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 686 very preterm children, 19 (2.8%) exhibited epilepsy at a mean age of 19\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014\u00a0months. The incidence of epilepsy was highest among infants with neonatal seizure (33%), followed by cystic periventricular leukomalacia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cPVL<\/jats:styled-content>, 27%), high\u2010grade intraventricular hemorrhage (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVH<\/jats:styled-content>, 21%), and necrotizing enterocolitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEC<\/jats:styled-content>) stage <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> (20%). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEC<\/jats:styled-content> stage <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>, neonatal seizure, high\u2010grade <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVH<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cPVL<\/jats:styled-content> were also independent neonatal risk morbidities for epilepsy. Furthermore, the incidence of epilepsy was 21.6% in preterm children with significant neonatal brain injury (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNBI<\/jats:styled-content>; ie, high\u2010grade <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cPVL<\/jats:styled-content>), but only 1% in preterm children without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNBI<\/jats:styled-content>. Among preterm children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNBI<\/jats:styled-content>, neonatal seizure was higher in preterm children with epilepsy than in those without epilepsy (23.1% vs 2.1%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.03). Among preterm children without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNBI<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> NEC<\/jats:styled-content> stage <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> was higher in preterm children with epilepsy than in those without epilepsy (33.3% vs 1.8%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.01). The preterm children with epilepsy were prone to have neurodevelopmental disability regardless of whether they had neonatal brain injury, and drug\u2010resistant epilepsy (42%), particularly those with neonatal high\u2010grade IVH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is an elevated incidence of epilepsy among very preterm children, and particularly those with significant brain injury and\/or severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEC<\/jats:styled-content> during the neonatal period. Very preterm children with epilepsy are prone to have neurodevelopmental disability and drug\u2010resistant epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,21]],"date-time":"2019-09-21T05:59:05Z","timestamp":1569045545000},"page":"2086-2094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Epilepsy occurrence after neonatal morbidities in very preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9498-6178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi\u2010Fang","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics National Cheng Kung University Hospital College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan\u2010Tair","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gerontology College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin\u2010I","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine National Cheng Kung University Hospital College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po\u2010Ming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics National Cheng Kung University Hospital College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Hao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics National Cheng Kung University Hospital College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao\u2010Ching","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics National Cheng Kung University Hospital College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.17965"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60820-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2017.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70294-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2005.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073807302599"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3404"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201504-218OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1005408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000448615"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12550"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02397.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.7.991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2008.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"P Govaert LS Vries 2010 Mac Keith London"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0473-3-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume-title":"Logistic regression using SAS: theory and application","author":"Allison PD","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3908"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318231528f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289703601105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1249-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-010-9148-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.2.341"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2222"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70710-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12371"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","first-page":"396","article-title":"Neonatal loss of gamma amino butyric acid pathway expression after human perinatal brain injury","volume":"104","author":"Robinson S","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181dd25bc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.04.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2012.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.8.2956"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.02.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-015-0281-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr077003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2013.04.004"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fepi.16340","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.16340","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/epi.16340","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.16340","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T16:09:02Z","timestamp":1692547742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.16340"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.16340"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.16340","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-01-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}