{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:15:45Z","timestamp":1767831345378,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS104796"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS104796"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mechanism(s) for sudden death in epilepsy (SUDEP) remain(s) unknown, but seizure spread to brainstem areas serving autonomic and respiratory function is critical. In a rat model, we established a mechanism for SUDEP that involves seizure\u2010induced laryngospasm and obstructive apnea lasting until respiratory arrest. We hypothesized that DBA\/2J mice, which display lethal audiogenic seizures, would be protected from death by implanting a tracheal T\u2010tube as a surrogate airway. In a 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02 design, mice were implanted with either open or closed tracheal T\u2010tubes and treated with either low\u2010dose ketamine\/xylazine to moderate thoracic spasm during the tonic seizure phase or no drug. Animals receiving both treatments had the highest survival rate, followed by animals receiving the open tube without ketamine\/xylazine. The odds ratio for survival was &gt;20 higher with an open T\u2010tube (odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a024.14). The impact of open tracheal tubes indicates that the mechanism of death in DBA\/2J mice involves seizure\u2010induced upper airway obstruction until respiratory arrest. These results, our rat work, and our demonstration of inspiratory effort\u2010based electromyographic signals and electrocardiographic abnormalities in rats and humans suggest that seizure\u2010induced laryngospasm and obstructive apnea directly link seizure activity to respiratory arrest in these sudden death examples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T08:15:15Z","timestamp":1579162515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Seizures induce obstructive apnea in DBA\/2J audiogenic seizure\u2010prone mice: Lifesaving impact of tracheal implants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8501-2788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Irizarry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University Brooklyn New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sukato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University Brooklyn New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Kollmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University Brooklyn New York"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University Brooklyn New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Schild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University Brooklyn New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Silverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Long Island Jewish Medical Center New Hyde Park New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishnamurthi","family":"Sundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University Brooklyn New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"Stephenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Comparative Medicine SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University Brooklyn NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3785-1338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University Brooklyn New York"},{"name":"Department of Physiology\/Pharmacology SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University Brooklyn New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30158-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-018-0576-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02908.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804066-9.00032-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02640.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa4050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015509"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00365.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2009.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2016.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13765"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70214-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2018.0964"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Effects of electric shock on respiration in the rabbit","volume":"21","author":"Lee WR","year":"1964","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002580246500500104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"Categorical Data Analysis","author":"Agresti A","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1713-19.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.277574"},{"issue":"134","key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"104682","article-title":"An oxygen\u2010rich atmosphere or systemic fluoxetine extend the time to respiratory arrest in a rat model of obstructive apnea","volume":"20","author":"Mooney S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.16431","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/epi.16431","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.16431","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T18:12:51Z","timestamp":1694023971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.16431"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.16431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.16431","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}