{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:33:03Z","timestamp":1785306783983,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010116","name":"Medicinska Underst\u00f6dsf\u00f6reningen Liv och H\u00e4lsa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010116","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010135","name":"Finska L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskapet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010135","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a well\u2010described complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The majority of the available data regarding PTE stem from the adult population. Our aim was to identify the clinical and radiological risk factors associated with PTE in a pediatric TBI population treated in an intensive care unit (ICU).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used the Finnish Intensive Care Consortium database to identify pediatric (&lt;18\u00a0years) TBI patients treated in four academic university hospital ICUs in Finland between 2003 and 2013. Our primary outcome was the development of PTE, defined as the need for oral antiepileptic medication in patients alive at 6 months. We assessed the risk factors associated with PTE using multivariable logistic regression modeling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 290 patients included in the study, 59 (20%) developed PTE. Median age was 15\u00a0years (interquartile range [IQR] 13\u201017), and 80% had an admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score \u226412. Major risk factors for developing PTE were age (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00\u20101.16), obliterated suprasellar cisterns (OR 6.53, 95% CI 1.95\u201021.81), and an admission GCS score of 9\u201012 in comparison to a GCS score of 13\u201015 (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.24\u20106.69).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>We showed that PTE is a common long\u2010term complication after ICU\u2010treated pediatric TBI. Higher age, moderate injury severity, obliterated suprasellar cisterns, seizures during ICU stay, and surgical treatment are associated with an increased risk of PTE. Further studies are needed to identify strategies to decrease the risk of PTE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T08:20:19Z","timestamp":1585383619000},"page":"693-701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Posttraumatic epilepsy in intensive care unit\u2013treated pediatric traumatic brain injury patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1379-0235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Era D.","family":"Mikkonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine Helsinki University Hospital &amp; University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Care and Services Helsinki University Hospital &amp; University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus B.","family":"Skrifvars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Care and Services Helsinki University Hospital &amp; University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Reinikainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stepani","family":"Bendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruut","family":"Laitio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Turku University Hospital and University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanna","family":"Hoppu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medical Services Department of Intensive Care Tampere University Hospital &amp; Tampere University Tampere Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tero","family":"Ala\u2010Kokko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intensive Care Medical Research Center Oulu MRC Oulu University Hospital Research Group of Anesthesiology, Surgery and Intensive Care Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atte","family":"Karppinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4243-9591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201550"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.2157"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.02004.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Health\u2010related quality of life in childhood epilepsy: moving beyond \u201cseizure control with minimal adverse effects\u201d. 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