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Electrode sites were visualized in Nissl\u2010stained sections. Adjacent sections were processed with proximity ligation in situ hybridization for glutamic acid decarboxylase 2 (<jats:italic>Gad2<\/jats:italic>). <jats:italic>Gad2<\/jats:italic> neuron profile numbers at ictal onset sites were compared to contralateral regions. Other sections were processed with immunocytochemistry for reelin or nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which labeled major subtypes of granule cell layer\u2013associated interneurons. Stereology was used to estimate numbers of reelin and NOS granule cell layer\u2013associated interneurons per hippocampus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ictal onset sites varied between and within rats but were mostly in the ventral hippocampus and were frequently bilateral. There was no conclusive evidence of more severe <jats:italic>Gad2<\/jats:italic> neuron profile loss at sites of earliest seizure activity compared to contralateral regions. Numbers of granule cell layer\u2013associated NOS neurons were reduced in the ventral hippocampus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>In epileptic pilocarpine\u2010treated rats, ictal onset sites were mostly in the ventral hippocampus, where there was loss of granule cell layer\u2013associated NOS interneurons. These findings suggest the hypothesis that loss of granule cell layer\u2013associated NOS interneurons in the ventral hippocampus is a mechanism of temporal lobe epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T15:18:48Z","timestamp":1585927128000},"page":"856-867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Ictal onset sites and \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acidergic neuron loss in epileptic pilocarpine\u2010treated rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Megan","family":"Wyeth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Medicine Stanford University Stanford California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Nagendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine\u2013Pulmonary and Critical Care Stanford 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