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We describe the effects of cortically applied sodium valproate (VPA) in two patients with pharmacoresistant neocortical focal epilepsy who were selected for epilepsy surgery after a circumscribed epileptic focus had been determined by invasive presurgical evaluation using subdural electrodes. Local VPA modified epileptic activity as electrocorticographically recorded from the chronic focus in both patients. In addition, VPA induced local increase of the inhibitory neurotransmitter \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA) in cortical tissue samples, whereas the excitatory glutamate was possibly decreased. In this clinical pilot study, we could show antiepileptic effects of cortically applied VPA in humans by electrocorticographic and neurochemical parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T07:44:50Z","timestamp":1589010290000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Electrocorticographic and neurochemical findings after local cortical valproate application in patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8610-2216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk\u2010Matthias","family":"Altenm\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Department of Neurosurgery Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2414-0441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas M.","family":"Hebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cagan","family":"Deniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism University of L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Marmara University Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvanie","family":"Volz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Plastic, Reconstructive und Aesthetic Surgery Klinikum Westfalen Dortmund 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