{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T22:09:21Z","timestamp":1788905361365,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HiGHmed 01ZZ1802V"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HiGHmed 01ZZ1802V"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of immune\u2010mediated epilepsy, but also in epilepsy of other etiology such as hippocampal sclerosis. This study aimed to characterize immune cell signatures in the peripheral blood (PB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) of different etiologies. We retrospectively evaluated CSF routine parameters and immune cell profiles using flow cytometry in a cohort of 51 patients and 45 age\u2010matched controls with functional disorders. Groups were comprised of patients with nonlesional TLE (n\u00a0=\u00a026), TLE due to hippocampal sclerosis (n\u00a0=\u00a014), or limbic encephalitis with antibodies against the 65\u2010kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65\u2010LE; n\u00a0=\u00a011). TLE patients showed increased proportions of human leukocyte antigen\u2013DR isotype (HLA\u2010DR)\u2010expressing CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes in the CSF. Furthermore, they were characterized by a shift in monocyte subsets toward immature CD14<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>CD16<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells in the PB and blood\/CSF\u2010barrier dysfunction. Whereas TLE patients in general showed similar immune cell profiles, patients with GAD65\u2010LE differed from other TLE patients by increased proportions of HLA\u2010DR\u2013expressing CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes and type 2\/3 oligoclonal bands. These findings point to a role of innate and adaptive immunity in TLE. CSF parameters may help to discriminate epilepsy patients from controls and different forms of TLE from each other.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T07:47:56Z","timestamp":1599724076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Blood and cerebrospinal fluid immune cell profiles in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy of different etiologies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9745-7258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Langenbruch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology University of M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurens","family":"Ble\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology University of M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3855-4706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Schulte\u2010Mecklenbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology University of M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Sundermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Radiology Medical Faculty, University of M\u00fcnster and University Hospital M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Evangelical Hospital University of Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Brix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Informatics University of M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian E.","family":"Elger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology University of M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Melzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology University of M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Wiendl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology University of M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven G.","family":"Meuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology University of M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catharina C.","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology University of M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5571-9237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stjepana","family":"Kovac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology University of M\u00fcnster M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6210-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1561-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2007.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1267\/ahc.10022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106682","article-title":"Low CSF CD4\/CD8+ T\u2010cell proportions are associated with blood\u2010CSF barrier dysfunction in limbic encephalitis","volume":"102","author":"Hansen N","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy 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