{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:22:15Z","timestamp":1784546535676,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009647","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009647","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autosomal recessive pathogenic variants of the <jats:italic>SLC13A5<\/jats:italic> gene are associated with severe neonatal epilepsy, developmental delay, and tooth hypoplasia\/hypodontia. We report on 14 additional patients and compare their phenotypic features to previously published patients to identify the clinical hallmarks of this disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We collected clinical features of 14 patients carrying biallelic variants in <jats:italic>SLC13A5<\/jats:italic> and performed a PubMed search to identify previously published patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients presented clonic or tonic seizures in the first days of life, evolving into status epilepticus in 57%. Analysis of seizure frequency and developmental milestones divided into five epochs showed an evolutionary trajectory of both items. In the first 3\u00a0years of life, 72% of patients had weekly\/monthly seizures, often triggered by fever; 14% were seizure\u2010free. Between the ages of 3 and 12\u00a0years, 60% become seizure\u2010free; in the following years, up to age 18\u00a0years, 57% were seizure\u2010free. After the age of 18\u00a0years, all three patients reaching this age were seizure\u2010free. Similarly, 86% of patients at onset presented mild to moderate developmental impairment and diffuse hypotonia. In late childhood, all had developmental delay that was severe in most. Benzodiazepines, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine were the most effective drugs. Eight probands carried heterozygous compound variants, and homozygous pathogenic variants occurred in six. Literature review identified 45 patients carrying <jats:italic>SLC13A5<\/jats:italic> gene pathogenic variants whose clinical features overlapped with our cohort. A peculiar and distinguishing sign is the presence of tooth hypoplasia and\/or hypodontia in most patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autosomal recessive pathogenic variants in <jats:italic>SLC13A5<\/jats:italic> are associated with a distinct neonatal epileptic encephalopathy evolving into severe cognitive and motor impairment, yet with seizures that settle down in late childhood. Tooth hypoplasia or hypodontia remains the peculiar feature. The <jats:italic>SLC13A5<\/jats:italic> gene should be screened in neonatal epileptic encephalopathies; its recessive inheritance has relevance for genetic counseling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T13:45:40Z","timestamp":1602855940000},"page":"2474-2485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Neonatal developmental and epileptic encephalopathy due to autosomal recessive variants in <i>SLC13A5<\/i> gene"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4403-6342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Matricardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Neuropsychiatry Children\u2019s Hospital Ancona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"De 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Genetics and Neurogenetics Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Magri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Gellera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0170-6836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiziana","family":"Granata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neuroscience Istituto di Ricovero 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