{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T16:03:51Z","timestamp":1781280231202,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study aim was to compare interictal encephalographic (EEG) functional network topology between people with well\u2010controlled idiopathic generalized epilepsy (WC\u2010IGE) and drug\u2010resistant IGE (DR\u2010IGE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen participants with WC\u2010IGE, 18 with DR\u2010IGE, and 20 controls underwent a resting state, 64\u2010channel EEG. An artifact\u2010free epoch was bandpass filtered into the frequency range of high and low extended alpha. Weighted functional connectivity matrices were calculated. Mean degree, degree distribution variance, characteristic path length (L), clustering coefficient, small world index (SWI), and betweenness centrality were measured. A Kruskal\u2013Wallis <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\u2010test assessed effects across groups. Where significant differences were found, Bonferroni\u2010corrected Mann\u2013Whitney pairwise comparisons were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the low alpha band (6\u20139\u00a0Hz), there was a significant difference in L at the three\u2010group level (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). This was lower in controls than both WC\u2010IGE and DR\u2010IGE (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001 for both), with no difference in L between WC\u2010IGE and DR\u2010IGE. Mean degree (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.031), degree distribution variance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.032), and SWI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.023) differed across the three groups in the high alpha band (10\u201312\u00a0Hz). Mean degree and degree distribution variance were lower in WC\u2010IGE than controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.029 for both), and SWI was higher in WC\u2010IGE compared with controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.038), with no differences in other pairwise comparisons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>IGE network topology is more regular in the low alpha frequency band, potentially reflecting a more vulnerable structure. WC\u2010IGE network topology is different from controls in the high alpha band. This may reflect drug\u2010induced network changes that have stabilized the WC\u2010IGE network by rendering it less likely to synchronize. These results are of potential importance in advancing the understanding of mechanisms of epilepsy drug resistance and as a possible basis for a biomarker of DR\u2010IGE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T07:03:54Z","timestamp":1611731034000},"page":"492-503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Interictal electroencephalographic functional network topology in drug\u2010resistant and well\u2010controlled idiopathic generalized epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5018-5494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily J.","family":"Pegg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences Salford UK"},{"name":"Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health School of Biological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health School of Biological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK"},{"name":"Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petroula","family":"Laiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience King\u2019s College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience King\u2019s College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2559-148X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajiv","family":"Mohanraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences Salford UK"},{"name":"Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health School of Biological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester 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