{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T01:27:15Z","timestamp":1788398835145,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to describe serological association of musicogenic epilepsy and to evaluate clinical features and outcomes of seropositive cases. Through retrospective chart review, musicogenic epilepsy patients were identified. Among 16 musicogenic epilepsy patients, nine underwent autoantibody evaluations and all had high\u2010titer glutamic acid decarboxylase 65\u2013immunoglobulin G (GAD65\u2010IgG; &gt;20\u00a0nmol\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>, serum, normal \u2264 .02\u00a0nmol\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>, eight women). Median GAD65\u2010IgG serum titer was 294\u00a0nmol\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup> (20.3\u20133005\u00a0nmol\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>), and median cerebrospinal fluid titer (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04) was 14.7\u00a0nmol\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>. All patients had temporal lobe epilepsy, and bitemporal epileptiform abnormalities were common. Right temporal lobe seizures were most frequently captured when seizures were induced by music on electroencephalogram (3\/4; 75%). Intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone and\/or IV Ig (IVIG) was utilized in four patients, with one having greater than 50% reduction. Rituximab (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02) and mycophenolate (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01) were ineffective. Two patients underwent right temporal lobe resections but continued to have seizures. Vagus nerve stimulation was effective at reducing seizures in one patient by 50%, and an additional patient was seizure\u2010free by avoiding provoking music. Right temporal lobe epilepsy was more common among patients with musicogenic epilepsy when compared to nonmusicogenic GAD65 epilepsies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a071, 89% vs. 47%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.03). GAD65\u2010IgG should be tested in patients with musicogenic epilepsy, given implications for management and screening for comorbid autoimmune conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T10:35:34Z","timestamp":1616668534000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Musicogenic epilepsy: Expanding the spectrum of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 neurological autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8659-3801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas L.","family":"Zalewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Scottsdale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Budhram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences London Health Sciences Centre Western University London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey W.","family":"Britton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elson","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory D.","family":"Cascino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota 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USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota 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