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The objective of this study is to understand what the relationship of these behavioral impairments is to the underlying pathophysiology, as there are currently no treatments for these deficits, and it remains unknown what circuits are affected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recorded single neurons in the medial temporal lobes (MTLs) of 62 patients (37 with refractory TLE) who performed a visual recognition memory task to characterize the relationship between behavior, tuning, and anatomical location of memory selective and visually selective neurons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects with a seizure onset zone (SOZ) in the right but not left MTL demonstrated impaired ability to recollect as indicated by the degree of asymmetry of the receiver operating characteristic curve. Of the 1973 recorded neurons, 159 were memory selective (MS) and 366 were visually selective (VS) category cells. The responses of MS neurons located within right but not left MTL SOZs were impaired during high\u2010confidence retrieval trials, mirroring the behavioral deficit seen both in our task and in standardized neuropsychological tests. In contrast, responses of VS neurons were unimpaired in both left and right MTL SOZs. Our findings show that neuronal dysfunction within SOZs in the MTL was specific to a functional cell type and behavior, whereas other cell types respond normally even within the SOZ. We show behavioral metrics that detect right MTL SOZ\u2010related deficits and identify a neuronal correlate of this impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Together, these findings show that single\u2010cell responses can be used to assess the causal effects of local circuit disruption by an SOZ in the MTL, and establish a neural correlate of cognitive impairment due to epilepsy that can be used as a biomarker to assess the efficacy of novel treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T20:09:47Z","timestamp":1626898187000},"page":"2082-2093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Single\u2010neuron correlate of epilepsy\u2010related cognitive deficits in visual recognition memory in right mesial temporal lobe"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Seung J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo Clinic Jacksonville FLA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle E.","family":"Beam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea G. 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