{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:21:17Z","timestamp":1787066477153,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought to determine which combination of clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics differentiate between an antiseizure medication (ASM)\u2013resistant vs ASM\u2010responsive outcome for patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a case\u2010control study of ASM\u2010resistant cases and ASM\u2010responsive controls with IGE treated at five epilepsy centers in the United States and Australia between 2002 and 2018. We recorded clinical characteristics and findings from the first available EEG study for each patient. We then compared characteristics of cases vs controls using multivariable logistic regression to develop a predictive model of ASM\u2010resistant IGE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 118 ASM\u2010resistant cases and 114 ASM\u2010responsive controls with IGE. First, we confirmed our recent finding that catamenial epilepsy is associated with ASM\u2010resistant IGE (odds ratio [OR] 3.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32\u201310.41, for all study subjects) after covariate adjustment. Other independent factors seen with ASM resistance include certain seizure\u2010type combinations (absence, myoclonic, and generalized tonic\u2010clonic seizures [OR 7.06, 95% CI 2.55\u201320.96]; absence and generalized tonic\u2010clonic seizures [OR 4.45, 95% CI 1.84\u201311.34]), as well as EEG markers of increased generalized spike\u2010wave discharges (GSWs) in sleep (OR 3.43, 95% CI 1.12\u201311.36 for frequent and OR 7.21, 95% CI 1.50\u201354.07 for abundant discharges in sleep) and the presence of generalized polyspike trains (GPTs; OR 5.49, 95% CI 1.27\u201338.69). The discriminative ability of our final multivariable model, as measured by area under the receiver\u2010operating characteristic curve, was 0.80.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple clinical and EEG characteristics independently predict ASM resistance in IGE. To improve understanding of a patient's prognosis, clinicians could consider asking about specific seizure\u2010type combinations and track whether they experience catamenial epilepsy. Obtaining prolonged EEG studies to record the burden of GSWs in sleep and assessing for the presence of GPTs may provide additional predictive value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T11:55:22Z","timestamp":1635335722000},"page":"150-161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Clinical and EEG factors associated with antiseizure medication resistance in idiopathic generalized epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7600-7805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brad K.","family":"Kamitaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  New Brunswick New Jersey 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