{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:26:56Z","timestamp":1791430016145,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a progressive and destructive inflammatory disease of one hemisphere. Its cause is unknown. We investigated comorbidity and laterality factors that might predispose to RE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively compared the histories of 160 RE patients to those with genetic generalized epilepsy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0154) and those with focal cortical dysplasia Type II (FCD II; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0148).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median\/mean age at symptom onset in RE was 7\/10\u00a0years (range = 1\u201353\u00a0years), and 58.1% of the patients were female. The female sex predominated in RE patients, with age &gt; 7\u00a0years at disease manifestation. The left hemisphere was affected in 65.6%. Perinatal complications (preterm birth, twin pregnancies, early acquired brain lesions) were more frequent in RE than in control patients. Ipsilateral facial autoimmune conditions (scleroderma en coup de sabre, uveitis, or chorioretinitis) were only observed in RE patients (6.9%). Onset of RE was more frequently associated with fever than that of FCD II. In 33.1% of RE patients, \u22651 potential risk factor was found. Interestingly, 11.9% of patients had one\u2010sided early brain lesions or facial autoimmune lesions ipsilateral to subsequent RE; none had such a lesion contralaterally.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Perinatal complications and facial autoimmune conditions may act as predisposing factors for RE. Fever might trigger RE manifestation. Further genetic or infectious contributors may be identified in the future. Single or combined hits may be required to elicit or facilitate the start of the disease. Ipsilateral early comorbid lesions or facial autoimmune processes might in part explain the enigmatic unilaterality of RE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T08:39:23Z","timestamp":1637915963000},"page":"108-119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Rasmussen encephalitis: Predisposing factors and their potential role in unilaterality"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3063-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Fauser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology (Mara Hospital) Medical School Bielefeld University  Bielefeld Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian E.","family":"Elger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friedrich","family":"Woermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology (Mara Hospital) Medical School Bielefeld University  Bielefeld Germany"},{"name":"Society of Epilepsy Research  Bielefeld Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2225-8654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian G.","family":"Bien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology (Mara Hospital) Medical School Bielefeld University  Bielefeld Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.8.6.435"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70260-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Chronic encephalitis and epilepsy: Rasmussen's syndrome","author":"Robitaille Y","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00309624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.2.250"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.60.3.422"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2003.67602.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Further observations on the syndrome of chronic encephalitis and epilepsy","volume":"41","author":"Rasmussen T","year":"1978","journal-title":"Appl Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"S181","article-title":"Update on the syndrome of \"chronic encephalitis\" and epilepsy","volume":"56","author":"Rasmussen T","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cleveland Clin J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01977.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-199604000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1535-7511.2005.00084.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.07.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"419","article-title":"The syndrome of chronic encephalitis and epilepsy. A study based on the MNI series of 48 cases","volume":"57","author":"Oguni H","year":"1992","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12334"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.028449"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03565.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2014.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.33103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-011-1596-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.4.PEDS2098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.2.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Chronic encephalitis and epilepsy: Rasmussen's syndrome","author":"Oguni H","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.1.80-94.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01034.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","volume-title":"Die Ursache der Multiparit\u00e4t der uniparen Tiere \u00fcberhaupt und der Zwillingsschwangerschaft beim Menschen insbesondere","author":"Hellin D","year":"1895"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.53.1368.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","unstructured":"Statistisches Bundesamt Verteilung der Zwillingsgeburten in Deutschland nach Geschlecht der Kinder im Jahr 2015.2020.https:\/\/de.statista.com\/statistik\/daten\/studie\/1281\/umfrage\/anzahl\u2010der\u2010zwillingsgeburten\u2010in\u2010deutschland\u20102006\/. Accessed 22 Dec 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410320621"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2020.100360"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1994.tb01806.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.61.3.395"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2009.00398.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S2784\u20108671.21.07004\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.568447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90219-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.8.1511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.3.731"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2013.0555"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000791"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.17131","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/epi.17131","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.17131","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T19:37:35Z","timestamp":1692819455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.17131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.17131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.17131","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}