{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T08:28:04Z","timestamp":1792052884062,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001605","name":"Epilepsy Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001605","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our primary goal was to measure the accuracy of fully automated absence seizure detection, using a wearable electroencephalographic (EEG) device. As a secondary goal, we also tested the feasibility of automated behavioral testing triggered by the automated detection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a phase 3\u00a0clinical trial (NCT04615442), with a prospective, multicenter, blinded study design. The input was the one\u2010channel EEG recorded with dry electrodes embedded into a wearable headband device connected to a smartphone. The seizure detection algorithm was developed using artificial intelligence (convolutional neural networks). During the study, the predefined algorithm, with predefined cutoff value, analyzed the EEG in real time. The gold standard was derived from expert evaluation of simultaneously recorded full\u2010array video\u2010EEGs. In addition, we evaluated the patients' responsiveness to the automated alarms on the smartphone, and we compared it with the behavioral changes observed in the clinical video\u2010EEGs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recorded 102 consecutive patients (57 female, median age = 10\u00a0years) on suspicion of absence seizures. We recorded 364 absence seizures in 39 patients. Device deficiency was 4.67%, with a total recording time of 309\u00a0h. Average sensitivity per patient was 78.83% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 69.56%\u201388.11%), and median sensitivity was 92.90% (interquartile range [IQR] = 66.7%\u2013100%). The average false detection rate was .53\/h (95% CI = .32\u2013.74). Most patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a066, 64.71%) did not have any false alarms. The median F1\u00a0score per patient was .823 (IQR = .57\u20131). For the total recording duration, F1\u00a0score was .74. We assessed the feasibility of automated behavioral testing in 36\u00a0seizures; it correctly documented nonresponsiveness in 30 absence seizures, and responsiveness in six electrographic seizures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Automated detection of absence seizures with a wearable device will improve seizure quantification and will promote assessment of patients in their home environment. Linking automated seizure detection to automated behavioral testing will provide valuable information from wearable devices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T17:05:29Z","timestamp":1645117529000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Automated detection of absence seizures using a wearable electroencephalographic device: a phase 3 validation study and feasibility of automated behavioral testing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Giorgi","family":"Japaridze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology and Neuropsychology  Tbilisi Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Loeckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epihunter  Hasselt Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Buckinx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epihunter  Hasselt Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidsel","family":"Armand Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia  Dianalund Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9e","family":"Proost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrien","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"MacMullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Kasradze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology and Neuropsychology  Tbilisi Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Rotenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7118-0139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lieven","family":"Lagae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6035-6581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e1ndor","family":"Beniczky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia  Dianalund Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30038-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2009.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(87)90067-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2021.1325"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-014-0444-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16818"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.740743"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"4820","article-title":"Generic single\u2010channel detection of absence seizures","volume":"2011","author":"Petersen EB","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059414548721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JTEHM.2017.2649491"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146341"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"532","article-title":"Automatic absence seizures detection in EEG signals: an unsupervised module","volume":"2020","author":"Tsiouris KM","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.685814"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.06.254"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2017.2755770"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2017.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23730"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"479","volume-title":"Niedermeyer\u00b4s electroencephalography","author":"Nordli DR","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2020.1192"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h5527"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10994.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(96)80109-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13262"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.17200","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/epi.17200","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.17200","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T16:06:06Z","timestamp":1704989166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.17200"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.17200"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.17200","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}