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Language capabilities may further decline following temporal lobe resections. The language network, comprising dispersed gray matter regions interconnected with white matter fibers, may be atypical in individuals with TLE. This review explores the structural changes to the language network and the functional reorganization of language abilities in TLE. We discuss the importance of detailed reporting of patient's characteristics, such as, left\u2010 and right\u2010sided focal epilepsies as well as lesional and nonlesional pathological subtypes. These factors can affect the healthy functioning of gray and\/or white matter. Dysfunction of white matter and displacement of gray matter function could concurrently impact their ability, in turn, producing an interactive effect on typical language organization and function. Surgical intervention can result in impairment of function if the resection includes parts of this structure\u2010function network that are critical to language. In addition, impairment may occur if language function has been reorganized and is included in a resection. Conversely, resection of an epileptogenic zone may be associated with recovery of cortical function and thus improvement in language function. We explore the abnormality of functional regions in a clinically applicable framework and highlight the differences in the underlying language network. Avoidance of language decline following surgical intervention may depend on tailored resections to avoid critical areas of gray matter and their white matter connections. Further work is required to elucidate the plasticity of the language network in TLE and to identify sub\u2010types of language representation, both of which will be useful in planning surgery to spare language function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]],"date-time":"2022-02-20T06:24:57Z","timestamp":1645338297000},"page":"1025-1040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Structure and function of language networks in temporal lobe epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5658-4960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence P.","family":"Binding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1064-0541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debayan","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3849-4168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Giampiccolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery  London UK"},{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience Cleveland Clinic London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Verona University Hospital University of Verona  Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1373-0681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John S.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8502-4487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sjoerd B.","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Neuroradiological Academic Unit UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation, and Analysis The University of Western Australia  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.771"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01321.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2005.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2000.19730335.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Study of hemispheric lateralization of language regions by functional MRI. 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