{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:34:57Z","timestamp":1792211697216,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002736","name":"Citizens United for Research in Epilepsy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HSC\u2010MS\u201020\u20101228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HSC\u2010MS\u201020\u20101228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01NS090407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01NS090407"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01NS090405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01NS090405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased understanding of the role of cortical structures in respiratory control may help the understanding of seizure\u2010induced respiratory dysfunction that leads to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The aim of this study was to characterize respiratory responses to electrical stimulation (ES), including inhibition and enhancement of respiration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively recruited 19 consecutive patients with intractable epilepsy undergoing stereotactic electroencephalography (EEG) evaluation from June 2015 to June 2018. Inclusion criteria were patients \u226518\u00a0years in whom ES was indicated for clinical mapping of ictal onset or eloquent cortex as part of the presurgical evaluation. ES was carried out at 50\u00a0Hz, 0.2\u00a0msec, and 1\u201310\u00a0mA current intensity. Common brain regions sampled across all patients were amygdala (AMY), hippocampus (HG), anterior cingulate gyrus (CING), orbitofrontal cortex (OrbF), temporal neocortex (TNC), temporal pole (TP), and entorhinal cortex (ERC). Seven hundred fifty\u2010five stimulations were conducted. Quantitative analysis of breathing signal, that is, changes in breathing rate (BR), depth (TV), and minute ventilation (MV), was carried out during ES using the BreathMetrics breathing waveform analysis toolbox. Electrocardiography, arterial oxygen saturation, end\u2010tidal and transcutaneous carbon dioxide, nasal airflow, and abdominal and thoracic plethysmography were monitored continuously during stimulations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electrical stimulation of TP and CING (at lower current strengths &lt;3\u00a0mA) increased TV and MV. At &gt;7\u201010 mA, CING decreased TV and MV. On the other hand, decreased TV and MV occurred with stimulation of mesial temporal structures such as AMY and HG. Breathing changes were dependent on stimulation intensity. Lateral temporal, entorhinal, and orbitofrontal cortices did not affect breathing either way.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that breathing responses other than apnea can be induced by ES. Identification of two regions\u2014the temporal pole and anterior cingulate gyrus\u2014for enhancement of breathing may be important in paving the way to future development of strategies for prevention of SUDEP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T03:41:25Z","timestamp":1648611685000},"page":"1799-1811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Limbic and paralimbic respiratory modulation: From inhibition to enhancement"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1578-4210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ganne","family":"Chaitanya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN) University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth)  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth)  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnson P.","family":"Hampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN) University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth)  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth)  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"The NINDS Center for SUDEP Research McGovern Medical School at UTHealth  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN) University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth)  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth)  Houston Texas 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University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth)  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth)  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandipan","family":"Pati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN) University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth)  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth)  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0260-3855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samden D.","family":"Lhatoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Institute of Restorative Neurotechnologies (TIRN) University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth)  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth)  Houston 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