{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T23:29:54Z","timestamp":1788564594972,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/07559\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/07559\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/21056\u20104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/21056\u20104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/05985\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/05985\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was undertaken to evaluate superficial\u2010white matter (WM) and deep\u2010WM magnetic resonance imaging diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics and identify distinctive patterns of microstructural abnormalities in focal epilepsies of diverse etiology, localization, and response to antiseizure medication (ASM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined DTI data for 113 healthy controls and 113 patients with focal epilepsies: 51 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) refractory to ASM, 27 with pharmacoresponsive TLE\u2010HS, 15 with temporal lobe focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), and 20 with frontal lobe FCD. To assess WM microstructure, we used a multicontrast multiatlas parcellation of DTI. We evaluated fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD), and assessed within\u2010group differences ipsilateral and contralateral to the epileptogenic lesion, as well as between\u2010group differences, in regions of interest (ROIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TLE\u2010HS groups presented more widespread superficial\u2010 and deep\u2010WM diffusion abnormalities than both FCD groups. Concerning superficial WM, TLE\u2010HS groups showed multilobar ipsilateral and contralateral abnormalities, with less extensive distribution in pharmacoresponsive patients. Both the refractory TLE\u2010HS and pharmacoresponsive TLE\u2010HS groups also presented pronounced changes in ipsilateral frontotemporal ROIs (decreased FA and increased MD, RD, and AD). Conversely, FCD patients showed diffusion changes almost exclusively adjacent to epileptogenic areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings add further evidence of widespread abnormalities in WM diffusion metrics in patients with TLE\u2010HS compared to other focal epilepsies. Notably, superficial\u2010WM microstructural damage in patients with FCD is more restricted around the epileptogenic lesion, whereas TLE\u2010HS groups showed diffuse WM damage with ipsilateral frontotemporal predominance. These findings suggest the potential of superficial\u2010WM analysis for better understanding the biological mechanisms of focal epilepsies, and identifying dysfunctional networks and their relationship with the clinical\u2013pathological phenotype. In addition, lobar superficial\u2010WM abnormalities may aid in the diagnosis of subtle FCDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T03:13:28Z","timestamp":1655349208000},"page":"2312-2324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Superficial and deep white matter diffusion abnormalities in focal epilepsies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2386-9449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hebel","family":"Urquia\u2010Osorio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Campinas  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Science National Autonomous University of Honduras  Honduras"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5045-9512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana R.","family":"Pimentel\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Campinas  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago Junqueira Ribeiro","family":"Rezende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Campinas  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eimy","family":"Almendares\u2010Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Campinas  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Science National Autonomous University of Honduras  Honduras"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarissa L.","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Campinas  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7842-3869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Concha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurobiology National Autonomous University of Mexico  Queretaro Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9336-9568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Cendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Campinas  S\u00e3o Paulo 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