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It is unclear whether memory deficits are due to IS in the MTL producing a transient decline. Here, we investigated whether IS in the MTL subregions and lateral temporal cortex impact episodic memory encoding and recall.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010eight participants undergoing presurgical evaluation for medically refractory focal epilepsy with depth electrodes placed in the temporal lobe participated in a verbal free recall task. IS were manually annotated during the pre\u2010encoding, encoding, and recall epochs. We examined the effect of IS on word recall using mixed\u2010effects logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>IS in the left hippocampus (odds ratio [OR] = .73, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .63\u2013.84, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and left middle temporal gyrus (OR = .46, 95% CI = .27\u2013.78, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) during word encoding decreased subsequent recall performance. Within the left hippocampus, this effect was specific for area CA1 (OR = .76, 95% CI = .66\u2013.88, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) and dentate gyrus (OR = .74, 95% CI = .62\u2013.89, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). IS in other MTL subregions or inferior and superior temporal gyrus and IS occurring during the prestimulus window did not affect word encoding (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). IS during retrieval in right hippocampal (OR = .22, 95% CI = .08\u2013.63, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.01) and parahippocampal regions (OR = .24, 95% CI = .07\u2013.8, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) reduced the probability of recalling a word.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>IS in medial and lateral temporal cortex contribute to transient memory decline during verbal episodic memory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T15:53:21Z","timestamp":1655394801000},"page":"2325-2337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Temporal lobe interictal spikes disrupt encoding and retrieval of verbal memory: A subregion analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8288-6885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana","family":"Camarillo\u2010Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwin","family":"Leenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology National Autonomous University of Mexico  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Waldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mijail","family":"Serruya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania 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