{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:45:02Z","timestamp":1753922702825,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U01NS090415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U01NS090415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dysfunctional connectivity and preexisting structural abnormalities of central autonomic network (CAN) regions have been shown on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and may be mechanistically relevant. In a previous postmortem study we reported increased microglia in CAN regions, including the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in SUDEP. In this current study we investigated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activation and neuronal c\u2010Fos activation in CAN regions in SUDEP compared to control groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a series of 59 postmortem cases (SUDEP, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a026; epilepsy controls [EPCs], <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a014; and nonepilepsy controls [NECs], <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a019), we quantified pS6\u2010240\/4, pS6\u2010235\/6 (markers of mTOR activation) and c\u2010Fos neuronal densities and labeling index in the STG, anterior cingulate, insula, frontobasal, and pulvinar regions using immunohistochemistry with whole\u2010slide automated image analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significantly more pS6\u2010positive neurons were present in the STG in cases with a history of recent seizures prior to death and also in SUDEP compared to other cause of death groups. No differences were noted for c\u2010Fos neuronal labeling in any region between cause of death groups. Cortical neuronal hypertrophy in the STG was observed in some SUDEP cases and associated with pS6\u2010240\/4 expression. pS6\u2010235\/6 highlighted neuronal intranuclear inclusions, mainly in SUDEP cases and in the STG region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuronal labeling for pS6 in the STG correlated with both seizure activity in the period prior to death and SUDEP. Further investigations are required to explore the significance of this region in terms of autonomic network dysfunction that may increase the vulnerability for SUDEP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,18]],"date-time":"2022-06-18T13:58:39Z","timestamp":1655560719000},"page":"2427-2438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cortical neuronal hypertrophy and <scp>mTOR<\/scp> pathway activation in <scp>CAN<\/scp> regions in <scp>SUDEP<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1981-770X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Smriti","family":"Patodia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London 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