{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T02:25:59Z","timestamp":1785205559536,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000295","name":"Epilepsy Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PGE1503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PGE1503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000295","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008732","name":"Uehara Memorial Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Affective disorders are frequent comorbidities of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The endogenous opioid system has been implicated in both epilepsy and affective disorders, and may play a significant role in their bidirectional relationship. In this cross\u2010sectional study, we investigated the association between \u03bc\u2010opioid receptor binding and affective disorders in patients with TLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine patients with TLE and depression\/anxiety underwent <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C\u2010carfentanil positron emission tomography (CFN PET) and neuropsychiatric assessment, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. The normalized CFN PET scans were compared with those of 26 age\u2010matched healthy controls. Correlation analyses with affective symptoms were performed by region of interest\u2010based analysis focusing on the limbic circuit and orbitofrontal cortex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed widely reduced CFN binding potential (BP) in bilateral frontal lobes and striata in patients with TLE compared to healthy controls. In the TLE group, more severe anxiety and negative affect were associated with decreased CFN BP in the posterior cingulate gyrus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with TLE, interictally reduced binding in the opioid system was associated with higher levels of anxiety and negative affect. We speculate that seizure\u2010related agonist\u2010driven desensitization and downregulation of opioid receptors could be a potential underlying pathomechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T13:39:30Z","timestamp":1668519570000},"page":"420-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Contribution of the \u03bc\u2010opioid receptor system to affective disorders in temporal lobe epilepsy: A bidirectional relationship?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9617-706X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daichi","family":"Sone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Jikei University School of 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