{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:35:45Z","timestamp":1792035345122,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,11]],"date-time":"2022-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F30NS110318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F30NS110318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS097762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS097762"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Decades of studies have indicated that activation of the deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus can suppress seizures in a wide range of experimental models of epilepsy. However, prior studies have not examined efficacy against spontaneous limbic seizures. The present study aimed to address this gap through chronic optogenetic activation of the superior colliculus in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sprague Dawley rats underwent pilocarpine\u2010induced status epilepticus and were maintained until the onset of spontaneous seizures. Virus coding for channelrhodopsin\u20102 was injected into the deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus, and animals were implanted with head\u2010mounted light\u2010emitting diodes at the same site. Rats were stimulated with either 5\u2010 or 100\u2010Hz light delivery. Seizure number, seizure duration, 24\u2010h seizure burden, and behavioral seizure severity were monitored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both 5\u2010 and 100\u2010Hz optogenetic stimulation of the deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus reduced daily seizure number and total seizure burden in all animals in the active vector group. Stimulation did not affect either seizure duration or behavioral seizure severity. Stimulation was without effect in opsin\u2010negative control animals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Activation of the deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus reduces both the number of seizures and total daily seizure burden in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. These novel data demonstrating an effect against chronic experimental seizures complement a long history of studies documenting the antiseizure efficacy of superior colliculus activation in a range of acute seizure models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T14:36:19Z","timestamp":1669818979000},"page":"524-535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Optogenetic activation of the superior colliculus attenuates spontaneous seizures in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Safwan K.","family":"Hyder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Physiology Georgetown University  Washington District of Columbia 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