{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T17:15:56Z","timestamp":1783358156536,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS109439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS109439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 EB026764"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 EB026764"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aim to quantify whole\u2010brain tissue\u2010property changes in patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)\u2013negative pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy by three\u2010dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 30 patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy and negative MRI by official radiology report, as well as 40 age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched healthy controls (HCs). MRF scans were obtained with 1\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>isotropic resolution. Quantitative T1 and T2 relaxometry maps were reconstructed from MRF and registered to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space. A two\u2010sample<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>test was performed in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB) Software Library (FSL) to evaluate significant abnormalities in patients comparing to HCs, with correction by the threshold\u2010free cluster enhancement (TFCE) method. Subgroups analyses were performed for extra\u2010temporal epilepsy\/temporal epilepsy (ETLE\/TLE), and for those with\/without subtle abnormalities detected by morphometric analysis program (MAP), to investigate each subgroup's pattern of MRF changes. Correlation analyses were performed between the mean MRF values in each significant cluster and seizure\u2010related clinical variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to HCs, patients exhibited significant group\u2010level T1 increase ipsilateral to the epileptic origin, in the mesial temporal gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM), temporal pole GM, orbitofrontal GM, hippocampus, and amygdala, with scattered clusters in the neocortical temporal and insular GM. No significant T2 changes were detected. The ETLE subgroup showed a T1\u2010increase pattern similar to the overall cohort, with additional involvement of the ipsilateral anterior cingulate GM. The subgroup of MAP+ patients also showed a T1\u2010increase pattern similar to the overall cohort, with additional cluster in the ipsilateral lateral orbitofrontal GM. Higher T1 was associated with younger seizure\u2010onset age, longer epilepsy duration, and higher seizure frequency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>MRF revealed group\u2010level T1 increase in limbic\/paralimbic structures ipsilateral to the epileptic origin, in patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy and no apparent lesions on MRI, suggesting that these regions may be commonly affected by seizures in the epileptic brain. The significant association between T1 increase and higher seizure burden may reflect progressive tissue damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T14:45:33Z","timestamp":1670856333000},"page":"430-442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Evaluating whole\u2010brain tissue\u2010property changes in MRI\u2010negative pharmacoresistant focal epilepsies using MR fingerprinting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Ting\u2010Yu","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon Yul","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Sakaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroatsu","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio 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