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The visual assessment of magnetic resonance imaging does not pinpoint the FCD in 30%\u201350% of cases, and half of all patients with FCD are not amenable to epilepsy surgery, partly because the FCD could not be sufficiently localized. Computational approaches to FCD detection are an active area of research, benefitting from advancements in computer vision. Automatic FCD detection is a significant challenge and one of the first clinical grounds where the application of artificial intelligence may translate into an advance for patients' health. The emergence of new methods from the combination of health and computer sciences creates novel challenges. Imaging data need to be organized into structured, well\u2010annotated datasets and combined with other clinical information, such as histopathological subtypes or neuroimaging characteristics. Algorithmic output, that is, model prediction, requires a technically correct evaluation with adequate metrics that are understandable and usable for clinicians. Publication of code and data is necessary to make research accessible and reproducible. This critical review introduces the field of automatic FCD detection, explaining underlying medical and technical concepts, highlighting its challenges and current limitations, and providing a perspective for a novel research environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T07:27:42Z","timestamp":1675236462000},"page":"1093-1112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Artificial intelligence for the detection of focal cortical dysplasia: Challenges in translating algorithms into clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3300-6877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lennart","family":"Walger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology University of Bonn Medical Center  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3439-5808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konrad","family":"Wagstyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Henschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0146-0629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bastian","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology University of Bonn Medical Center  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5905-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeri","family":"Borger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Hattingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital and Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartmut","family":"Vatter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian E.","family":"Elger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology University of Bonn Medical Center  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5724-1679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torsten","family":"Baldeweg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Rosenow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main and Department of Neurology Goethe University and University Hospital Frankfurt  Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research Goethe University  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7264-4807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Horst","family":"Urbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology Medical Center, University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2661-3705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Radbruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3177-8582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer","family":"Surges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epileptology University of Bonn Medical Center  Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Reuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases  Bonn Germany"},{"name":"A. 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