{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T15:04:45Z","timestamp":1791990285792,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32\u2010NS061788\u201013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32\u2010NS061788\u201013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1F31NS129288\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F31NS129288\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuroinflammation (NI) is a pathophysiological factor in many neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Because NI causes microstructural tissue damage that worsens with increasing brain temperature, abnormally elevated brain temperatures may be a surrogate measure of the biochemical consequences of NI. This study investigated whether patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have abnormal brain temperature elevations (T<jats:sub>CRE<\/jats:sub>) in seizure\u2010producing regions that show evidence of edema and\/or microstructural damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty adults with TLE and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were scanned at 3\u2010Tesla. T<jats:sub>CRE<\/jats:sub> in each voxel was calculated (T<jats:sub>CRE<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a0\u2212102.61(\u0394<jats:sub>H20\u2212CRE)<\/jats:sub>\u2009+\u2009206.1\u00b0C) by non\u2010invasive volumetric magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and thermometry (MRSI\u2010t). Multi\u2010shell diffusion images were processed by neurite orientation and density imaging (NODDI). Voxel wise two\u2010sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests computed group differences in imaging data. Multimodal data fusion (joint independent component analysis [ICA]) determined the spatial coupling of T<jats:sub>CRE<\/jats:sub> with NODDI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>T<jats:sub>CRE<\/jats:sub> analyses showed that, compared to HCs, TLEs had higher T<jats:sub>CRE<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). NODDI analyses showed increased extracellular free water (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>FWE<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in the medial temporal lobes, with the most pronounced increases ipsilateral to seizure onset. TLEs also had increased angular dispersion of neurites (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and decreased neurite density (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>FWE<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>\u2009&lt;0.05) in the ictal\u2010onset medial temporal lobe, as well as more widespread, bilateral patterns of abnormalities. Focal increases in T<jats:sub>CRE<\/jats:sub> were spatially concordant with increased free water in the left inferior and middle temporal gyri and the associated cortex. In TLE, ICA loadings extracted from this region of overlap were associated with greater mood disturbance (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.34, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.02) and higher depression scores (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.37, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.009).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The spatial concordance between focal T<jats:sub>CRE<\/jats:sub> elevations and edema in TLE supports the notion that brain thermometry visualizes the correlates of focal NI. MRSI\u2010t\u2010based T<jats:sub>CRE<\/jats:sub> elevations may, therefore, be a useful biomarker for identifying seizure\u2010producing tissue in patients with focal epilepsy caused by brain damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T14:47:24Z","timestamp":1676040444000},"page":"1289-1304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Concordance between focal brain temperature elevations and focal edema in temporal lobe epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8194-2232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayushe A.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolphe","family":"Nenert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7550-679X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5936-6627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerzy P.","family":"Szaflarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)  Birmingham Alabama USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)  Birmingham Alabama USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)  Birmingham Alabama USA"},{"name":"UAB Epilepsy Center University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2127"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460\u20109568.2010.07122.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.126425"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535759719844750"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535759719854758"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13778"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.0941"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"791","article-title":"Paradigm shifts in the neuropsychology of epilepsy","volume":"73","author":"Hermann B","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.111.091694"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535759719873027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-020-1025-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.09.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.598435\/full"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00307"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/bc.bc_28_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.12025.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390\u2010019\u20100739\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1994.11.289"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","article-title":"Brain temperature: physiology and pathophysiology after brain injury","author":"Ene Mrozek S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Res Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22872"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108908"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51198"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2018.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.09.017"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"The potential role of novel diffusion imaging techniques in the understanding and treatment of epilepsy","volume":"5","author":"Winston GP","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2058460117703816"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.445"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/630853"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410340605"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410340604"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","unstructured":"McNairD LorrM DropplemanLF.Profile of mood states (POMS). Douglas M. McNair Maurice Lorr and Leo F. Droppleman.1989."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.10.873"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00720"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/NNSP.2003.1318025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20166"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2015.2461624"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13699"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2010.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09204-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23231"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(91)90002-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0265673021000054621"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","first-page":"264","article-title":"White matter in temporal lobe epilepsy: clinico\u2010pathological correlates of water diffusion abnormalities","volume":"5","author":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Cruces R","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg [Internet]"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.10.031"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.17538","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/epi.17538","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.17538","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T16:24:58Z","timestamp":1694535898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.17538"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.17538"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.17538","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}