{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:27:11Z","timestamp":1788413231325,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014269","name":"Philippe Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The etiology of new\u2010onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE), including its subtype with prior fever known as FIRES (febrile infection\u2010related epilepsy syndrome), remains uncertain. Several arguments suggest that NORSE is a disorder of immunity, likely post\u2010infectious. Consequently, seasonal occurrence might be anticipated. Herein we investigated if seasonality is a notable factor regarding NORSE presentation. We combined four different data sets with a total of 342 cases, all from the northern hemisphere, and 62% adults. The incidence of NORSE cases differed between seasons (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0068) and was highest in the summer (32.2%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0022) and lowest in the spring (19.0%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.010). Although both FIRES and non\u2010FIRES cases occurred most commonly during the summer, there was a trend toward FIRES cases being more likely to occur in the winter than non\u2010FIRES cases (OR 1.62, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.071). The seasonality of NORSE cases differed according to the etiology (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.024). NORSE cases eventually associated with autoimmune\/paraneoplastic encephalitis occurred most frequently in the summer (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.032) and least frequently in the winter (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.047), whereas there was no seasonality for cryptogenic cases. This study suggests that NORSE overall and NORSE related to autoimmune\/paraneoplastic encephalitis are more common in the summer, but that there is no definite seasonality in cryptogenic cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T08:11:18Z","timestamp":1680595878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The seasonality of <scp>new\u2010onset<\/scp> refractory status epilepticus (<scp>NORSE<\/scp>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Margaret T.","family":"Gopaul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department. of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5912-9998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Hanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Immunobiology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP\u2010HP, H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re  Paris France"},{"name":"AP\u2010HP, H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, DMU Neurosciences 6, Epilepsy Unit and Dept. of Clinical Neurophysiology  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Cespedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department. of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Universidad Autonoma de Centro America School of Medicine  San Jose Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yashwanth","family":"Pulluru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department. of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karnig","family":"Kazazian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital London Health Sciences Centers  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"van Baalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropediatrics University Medical Center Schleswig\u2010Holstein, Kiel University (CAU)  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9001-4884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teneille E.","family":"Gofton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital London Health Sciences Centers  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1148-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Gaspard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department. of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles H\u00f4pital Erasme  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6333-832X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence J.","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department. of Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001940"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108413"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.04.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16950"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03350.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16788"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-313260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577673"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2022.107026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2007.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-012420-022445"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17055"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.17606","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T10:23:04Z","timestamp":1692526984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.17606"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.17606"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.17606","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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