{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:40:08Z","timestamp":1787618408300,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although a striking female preponderance has been consistently reported in epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia (EEM), no study has specifically explored the variability of clinical presentation according to sex in this syndrome. Here, we aimed to investigate sex\u2010specific electroclinical differences and prognostic determinants in EEM. Data from 267 EEM patients were retrospectively analyzed by the EEM Study Group, and a dedicated multivariable logistic regression analysis was developed separately for each sex. We found that females with EEM showed a significantly higher rate of persistence of photosensitivity and eye closure sensitivity at the last visit, along with a higher prevalence of migraine with\/without aura, whereas males with EEM presented a higher rate of borderline intellectual functioning\/intellectual disability. In female patients, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed age at epilepsy onset, eyelid myoclonia status epilepticus, psychiatric comorbidities, and catamenial seizures as significant predictors of drug resistance. In male patients, a history of febrile seizures was the only predictor of drug resistance. Hence, our study reveals sex\u2010specific differences in terms of both electroclinical features and prognostic factors. Our findings support the importance of a sex\u2010based personalized approach in epilepsy care and research, especially in genetic generalized epilepsies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T06:24:27Z","timestamp":1680762267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sex\u2010based electroclinical differences and prognostic factors in epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3906-555X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Cerulli\u00a0Irelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences Sapienza, University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Cocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine and Genomics Columbia University  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7931-2327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia","family":"Ramantani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropediatrics University Children's Hospital Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Morano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences Sapienza, University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9152-5571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0259-1046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto H.","family":"Caraballo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hospital de Pediatr\u00eda \"Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan\"  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2512-6972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loretta","family":"Giuliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurosciences, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \"G.F. Ingrassia\" University of Catania  Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00fclay","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Panagiotakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders, and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon, Member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2444-8761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca F.","family":"Operto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry University of Salerno  Salerno Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6653-3027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz Gonzalez","family":"Giraldez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Service Hospital Universitario and Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria\u2010Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid University (IIS\u2010FJD, UAM) and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5639-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Balestrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy  Bucks UK"},{"name":"Neuroscience Department Meyer Children's Hospital IRCSS\u2013University of Florence, member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE  Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8456-0029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katri","family":"Silvennoinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy  Bucks UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Casciato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed  Isernia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Comajuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders, and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon, Member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8395-7809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Fortunato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology University Magna Graecia  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna T.","family":"Giallonardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences Sapienza, University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rimma","family":"Gamirova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kazan Federal University  Kazan Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4845-4293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonietta","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences Federico II University  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Di\u00a0Gennaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed  Isernia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Labate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Sofia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurosciences, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \"G.F. Ingrassia\" University of Catania  Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard J.","family":"Kluger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Neuropediatrics and Neurorehabilitation, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents Schoen Clinic Vogtareuth  Vogtareuth Germany"},{"name":"Paracelsus Medical University (PMU) Salzburg  Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7384-3074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Gambardella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology University Magna Graecia  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6659-2614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorothee","family":"Kasteleijn\u2010Nolst\u00a0Trenite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Epilepsy University 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