{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T19:20:35Z","timestamp":1789845635944,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016015","name":"University Hospital Basel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy, tolerability, and outcome of different timing of anesthesia in adult patients with status epilepticus (SE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with anesthesia for SE from 2015 to 2021 at two Swiss academic medical centers were categorized as anesthetized as recommended third\u2010line treatment, earlier (as first\u2010 or second\u2010line treatment), and delayed (later as third\u2010line treatment). Associations between timing of anesthesia and in\u2010hospital outcomes were estimated by logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 762 patients, 246 received anesthesia; 21% were anesthetized as recommended, 55% earlier, and 24% delayed. Propofol was preferably used for earlier (86% vs. 55.5% for recommended\/delayed anesthesia) and midazolam for later anesthesia (17.2% vs. 15.9% for earlier anesthesia). Earlier anesthesia was statistically significantly associated with fewer infections (17% vs. 32.7%), shorter median SE duration (.5 vs. 1.5\u2009days), and more returns to premorbid neurologic function (52.9% vs. 35.5%). Multivariable analyses revealed decreasing odds for return to premorbid function with every additional nonanesthetic antiseizure medication given prior to anesthesia (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u2009.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .53\u2013.94) independent of confounders. Subgroup analyses revealed decreased odds for return to premorbid function with increasing delay of anesthesia independent of the Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS; STESS\u2009=\u20091\u20102: OR\u2009=\u2009.45, 95% CI = .27\u2013.74; STESS\u2009&gt;\u20092: OR\u2009=\u2009.53, 95% CI = .34\u2013.85), especially in patients without potentially fatal etiology (OR\u2009=\u2009.5, 95% CI = .35\u2013.73) and in patients experiencing motor symptoms (OR\u2009=\u2009.67, 95% CI = .48\u2013.93).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this SE cohort, anesthetics were administered as recommended third\u2010line therapy in only every fifth patient and earlier in every second. Increasing delay of anesthesia was associated with decreased odds for return to premorbid function, especially in patients with motor symptoms and no potentially fatal etiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T03:09:55Z","timestamp":1681096195000},"page":"1493-1506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Early timing of anesthesia in status epilepticus is associated with complete recovery: A 7\u2010year retrospective two\u2010center study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7979-0994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia","family":"De\u00a0Stefano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EEG and Epilepsy Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences University Hospital of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Neuro\u2010Intensive Care Unit, Department of Intensive Care University Hospital of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sira M.","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6723-320X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascale","family":"Grzonka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oana E.","family":"Sarbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EEG and Epilepsy Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences University Hospital of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Neuro\u2010Intensive Care Unit, Department of Intensive Care University Hospital of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Marco","family":"De\u00a0Marchis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Medical faculty of the University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Hunziker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical faculty of the University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Medical Communication and Psychosomatic Medicine University Hospital Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"R\u00fcegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Medical faculty of the University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kleinschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EEG and Epilepsy Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences University Hospital of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Medical faculty of the University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Quintard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro\u2010Intensive Care Unit, Department of Intensive Care University Hospital of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Medical faculty of the University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Marsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Medical faculty of the University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margitta","family":"Seeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EEG and Epilepsy Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences University Hospital of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"Medical faculty of the University of Geneva  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6575-356X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raoul","family":"Sutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Medical faculty of the University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12064"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-012-9695-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02917.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"559","article-title":"Management of status epilepticus, refractory status epilepticus, and super\u2010refractory status epilepticus, and super\u2010refractory status epilepticus","volume":"28","author":"Trinka E","year":"2022","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","article-title":"Propofol infusion syndrome in refractory status epilepticus: a case report and topical review","volume":"2016","author":"Walli A","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep Emerg Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098616659414"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.28501.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"656","article-title":"Anesthetic drugs in status epilepticus \u2013 risk or rescue?","volume":"82","author":"Sutter R","year":"2014","journal-title":"A Six\u2010Year Cohort Study Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-016-0389-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000881"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182591ff1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25416"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16825"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004147"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6644-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000265819.36639.e0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005212"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SutterR SemmlackS SpiegelR TisljarK RueggS MarschS.Distinguishing in\u2010hospital and out\u2010of\u2010hospital status epilepticus: clinical implications from a 10\u2010year cohort study European journal of neurology: the official journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies.2017;24:1156\u201365.","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13359"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610928008827941"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010008\u20100989\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14603"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002281"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2011.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002843"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02297.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14623"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003869"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14434"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-017-0424-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13837"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528\u20101157.2001.01101.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2014.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03576.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0603400509"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31829eca06"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000223352.71621.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510240069035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198108000-00008"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.17614","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T10:24:44Z","timestamp":1692527084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.17614"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.17614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.17614","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}