{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T21:41:29Z","timestamp":1784151689512,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004856","name":"New York State Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cannabidiol (CBD) Expanded Access Program (EAP), initiated in 2014, provided CBD (Epidiolex) to patients with treatment\u2010resistant epilepsy (TRE). In the final pooled analysis of 892 patients treated through January 2019 (median exposure\u2009=\u2009694\u2009days), CBD treatment was associated with a 46%\u201366% reduction in median monthly total (convulsive plus nonconvulsive) seizure frequency. CBD was well tolerated, and adverse events were consistent with previous findings. We used pooled EAP data to investigate the effectiveness of add\u2010on CBD therapy for individual convulsive seizure types (clonic, tonic, tonic\u2013clonic, atonic, focal to bilateral tonic\u2013clonic), nonconvulsive seizure types (focal with and without impaired consciousness, absence [typical and atypical], myoclonic, myoclonic absence), and epileptic spasms. CBD treatment was associated with a reduction in the frequency of convulsive seizure types (median percentage reduction\u2009= 47%\u2013100%), and nonconvulsive seizure types and epileptic spasms (median percentage reduction\u2009=\u200950%\u2013100%) across visit intervals through 144\u2009weeks of treatment. Approximately 50% of patients had \u226550% reduction in convulsive and nonconvulsive seizure types and epileptic spasms at nearly all intervals. These results show a favorable effect of long\u2010term CBD use in patients with TRE, who may experience various convulsive and nonconvulsive seizure types. Future controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T05:58:34Z","timestamp":1685167114000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Efficacy of cannabidiol in convulsive and nonconvulsive seizure types associated with treatment\u2010resistant epilepsies in the Expanded Access Program"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5095-3166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Flamini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PANDA Neurology  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7915-6881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne M.","family":"Comi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1264-3428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.00992.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02397.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1714631"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30136-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.0073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.4607"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00379-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14477"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2019.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107862"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16936"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17496"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-021-00807-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.674483"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0b013e31823d07d1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Albuja 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