{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:36:07Z","timestamp":1790825767937,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]],"date-time":"2023-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite widespread monotherapy use of lamotrigine or levetiracetam during pregnancy, prospectively collected, blinded child development data are still limited. The NaME (Neurodevelopment of Babies Born to Mothers With Epilepsy) Study prospectively recruited a new cohort of women with epilepsy and their offspring for longitudinal follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnant women of &lt;21\u2009weeks gestation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009401) were recruited from 21 hospitals in the UK. Data collection occurred during pregnancy (recruitment, trimester 3) and at 12 and 24\u2009months of age. The primary outcome was blinded assessment of infant cognitive, language, and motor development on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (3rd edition) at 24\u2009months of age with supplementary parent reporting on the Vinelands Adaptive Behavior Scales (2nd edition).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 394 live births, with 277 children (70%) completing the Bayley assessment at 24\u2009months. There was no evidence of an association of prenatal exposure to monotherapy lamotrigine (\u2212.74, SE\u2009=\u20092.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = \u22126.5 to 5.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.80) or levetiracetam (\u22121.57, SE\u2009=\u20093.1, 95% CI = \u22124.6 to 7.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.62) with poorer infant cognition, following adjustment for other maternal and child factors in comparison to nonexposed children. Similar results were observed for language and motor scores. There was no evidence of an association between increasing doses of either lamotrigine or levetiracetam. Nor was there evidence that higher dose folic acid supplementation (\u22655\u2009mg\/day) or convulsive seizure exposure was associated with child development scores. Continued infant exposure to antiseizure medications through breast milk was not associated with poorer outcomes, but the number of women breastfeeding beyond 3\u2009months was low.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data are reassuring for infant development following in utero exposure to monotherapy lamotrigine or levetiracetam, but child development is dynamic, and future follow\u2010up is required to rule out later emerging effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T07:32:49Z","timestamp":1688542369000},"page":"2454-2471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Neurodevelopment of babies born to mothers with epilepsy: A prospective observational cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4008-0917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Bromley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroscience University of Manchester  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Royal Manchester Children's Hospital Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Bullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetric and Fetal Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Belfast Health and Social Care Trust  Belfast 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