{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:50:48Z","timestamp":1790272248478,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to group acute symptomatic etiologies of consecutive episodes of status epilepticus (SE) into different subcategories and explore their associations with clinical outcome. Etiologies were first categorized as \u201cacute,\u201d \u201cremote,\u201d \u201cprogressive,\u201d \u201cSE in defined electroclinical syndromes,\u201d and \u201cunknown.\u201d Four subcategories of acute etiologies were then defined: (1) withdrawal, low levels, or inappropriate prescription of antiseizure medications, or sleep deprivation in patients with pre\u2010existing epilepsy; (2) acute insults to central nervous system (CNS; \u201cacute\u2010primary CNS\u201d); (3) CNS pathology secondary to metabolic disturbances, systemic infection, or fever (\u201cacute\u2010secondary CNS\u201d); and (4) drug\/alcohol intoxication or withdrawal. Poor outcome at discharge, defined as worsening of clinical conditions (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] at discharge higher than mRS at baseline), was reported in 55.6% of cases. The etiological categories of acute\u2010primary CNS (odds ratio [OR] =\u20093.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] =\u20092.11\u20136.18), acute\u2010secondary CNS (OR\u2009=\u20091.80, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.11\u20132.91), and progressive SE (OR\u2009=\u20092.65, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.57\u20134.47), age (OR\u2009=\u20091.05, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.04\u20131.06), nonconvulsive semiology with coma (OR\u2009=\u20093.06, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.52\u20136.17), and refractoriness (OR\u2009=\u20094.31, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.39\u20137.77) and superrefractoriness to treatment (OR\u2009=\u20098.24, 95% CI\u2009=\u20093.51\u201319.36) increased the odds of poor outcome. Heterogeneity exists within the spectrum of acute symptomatic causes of SE, and distinct etiological subcategories may inform about the clinical outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T17:08:27Z","timestamp":1692464907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Acute symptomatic status epilepticus: Splitting or lumping? A proposal of classification based on real\u2010world data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8748-0083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Lattanzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic Marche Polytechnic University  Ancona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3585-5872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giada","family":"Giovannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit OCB Hospital, AOU Modena  Modena Italy"},{"name":"PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Modena and Reggio Emilia  Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0928-1577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Brigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hospital of Merano (SABES\u2010ASDAA)  Merano Italy"},{"name":"Lehrkrankenhaus der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversit\u00e4t  Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Innovation, Research and Teaching Service (SABES\u2010ASDAA)  Bolzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5717-7363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Orlandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit OCB Hospital, AOU Modena  Modena Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Science, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology University of Modena and Reggio Emilia  Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5950-2692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugen","family":"Trinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik Paracelsus Medical University  Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Center for Cognitive Neuroscience  Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Public Health, Health Services Research, and HTA University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics, and Technology  Hall in Tirol Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0334-539X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Meletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit OCB Hospital, AOU Modena  Modena Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Science, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology University of Modena and Reggio Emilia  Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2004.00943.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.1.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S295855"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-012-9695-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010023\u201011929\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14891"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000265819.36639.e0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109110"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0989-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-014-0080-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11199-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.080887"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"559","article-title":"Management of Status Epilepticus, refractory status epilepticus, and super\u2010refractory status epilepticus","volume":"28","author":"Trinka E","year":"2022","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.17753","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T01:56:29Z","timestamp":1697075789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.17753"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.17753"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.17753","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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