{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T11:01:24Z","timestamp":1787828484747,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lennox\u2013Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe form of epileptic encephalopathy, presenting during the first years of life, and is very resistant to treatment. Once medical therapy has failed, palliative surgeries such as vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) or corpus callosotomy (CC) are considered. Although CC is more effective than VNS as the primary neurosurgical treatment for LGS\u2010associated drop attacks, there are limited data regarding the added value of CC following VNS. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of CC preceded by VNS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multinational, multicenter retrospective study focuses on LGS children who underwent CC before the age of 18\u2009years, following prior VNS, which failed to achieve satisfactory seizure control. Collected data included epilepsy characteristics, surgical details, epilepsy outcomes, and complications. The primary outcome of this study was a 50% reduction in drop attacks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 127 cases were reviewed (80 males). The median age at epilepsy onset was 6\u2009months (interquartile range [IQR] =\u20093.12\u201322.75). The median age at VNS surgery was 7\u2009years (IQR\u2009=\u20094\u201310), and CC was performed at a median age of 11\u2009years (IQR\u2009=\u20098.76\u201315). The dominant seizure type was drop attacks (tonic or atonic) in 102 patients. Eighty\u2010six patients underwent a single\u2010stage complete CC, and 41 an anterior callosotomy. Ten patients who did not initially have a complete CC underwent a second surgery for completion of CC due to seizure persistence. Overall, there was at least a 50% reduction in drop attacks and other seizures in 83% and 60%, respectively. Permanent morbidity occurred in 1.5%, with no mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CC is vital in seizure control in children with LGS in whom VNS has failed. Surgical risks are low. A complete CC has a tendency toward better effectiveness than anterior CC for some seizure types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T05:44:07Z","timestamp":1697089447000},"page":"3205-3212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Added value of corpus callosotomy following vagus nerve stimulation in children with\n                    <scp>Lennox\u2013Gastaut<\/scp>\n                    syndrome: A multicenter, multinational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4267-8835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Roth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5447-1751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lottem","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4162-6096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander G.","family":"Weil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery Sainte\u2010Justine University Hospital Centre and University of Montreal Hospital Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tristan","family":"Brunette\u2010Clement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery Sainte\u2010Justine University Hospital Centre and University of Montreal Hospital Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard L.","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey M.","family":"Treiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery Texas Children's Hospital  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2949-4740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Shofty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University of Utah School of Medicine  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Cukiert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Epilepsy Surgery Program, Clinica Cukiert  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristine Mella","family":"Cukiert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Epilepsy Surgery Program, Clinica Cukiert  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2201-5644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manjari","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Epilepsy and MEG AIIMS  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3375-6803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Poodipedi","family":"Sarat\u00a0Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence for Epilepsy and MEG AIIMS  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Bollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery University of Utah School of Medicine, Primary Children's Hospital  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9lio Rubens","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Center for Epilepsy Surgery in Children Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Volpon","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5709-0033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William D.","family":"Gaillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Children's National Medical Center  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chima O.","family":"Oluigbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Children's National Medical Center  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9068-8184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George M.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George I.","family":"Jallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Brain Protection Sciences Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital  St. Petersburg Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7930-8782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nir","family":"Shimony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery St. Jude Children's Research Hospital  Memphis Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Le Bonheur Neuroscience Institute Le Bonheur Children's Hospital  Memphis Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery University of Tennessee Health Science Center  Memphis Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent R.","family":"O'Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery Children's Hospital Colorado  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Budke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Ni\u00f1o Jesus University Children's Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda \u00c1ngeles","family":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology Ni\u00f1o Jesus University Children's Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco T.","family":"Mangano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital University of Cincinnati College of Medicine  Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4204-7144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaki","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Center Hospital National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6249-7732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keiya","family":"Iijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Center Hospital National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Gonzalez\u2010Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8218-7360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kensuke","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Jichi Medical University  Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9104-2358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Ishishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Jichi Medical University  Tochigi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samer K.","family":"Elbabaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurosurgery, Leon Pediatric Neuroscience Center of Excellence Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children  Orlando Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Bello\u2010Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology and Epilepsy, Leon Pediatric Neuroscience Center of Excellence Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children  Orlando Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9703-0964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aria","family":"Fallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassia A. B.","family":"Maniquis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3700-0672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ido","family":"Ben\u2010Zvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital  London UK"},{"name":"Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Tisdall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital  London UK"},{"name":"Developmental Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manas","family":"Panigrahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences  Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8630-0896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sita","family":"Jayalakshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences  Hyderabad India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Blount","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery University of Alabama at Birmingham, Children's Hospital of Alabama  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Dorfm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurosurgery Department Rothschild Foundation Hospital  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Bulteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Paris MC2Lab  Boulogne\u2010Billancourt France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scellig S.","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashutosh","family":"Singhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, BC Children\u2019s Hospital  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daad","family":"Alsowat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Centre King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Centre King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Ragheb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Nicklaus Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Miami, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimrit","family":"Uliel\u2010Sibony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528\u20101167.2011.03177.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(08)70292\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072\u2010017\u20103188\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16851"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2013.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/EPI.17241"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2007.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EPI4.12570"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.10.JNS161841"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000353979"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PEDIATRNEUROL.2014.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701\u2010016\u20102765\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/EPI.13681"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0028\u20103886.338654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.7.PEDS20167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EPI4.12559"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EJPN.2014.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1528\u20101167.2006.00430.X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00381\u2010008\u20100626\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2010.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000131743.45131.AE"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEUROM.2022.08.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BRS.2022.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SEIZURE.2009.05.009"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.17796","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,20]],"date-time":"2024-07-20T07:06:53Z","timestamp":1721459213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.17796"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.17796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.17796","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}