{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:58:16Z","timestamp":1787839096182,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006117","name":"Epilepsiefonds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WAR 19\u201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WAR 19\u201002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006117","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postictal symptoms may result from cerebral hypoperfusion, which is possibly a consequence of seizure\u2010induced vasoconstriction. Longer seizures have previously been shown to cause more severe postictal hypoperfusion in rats and epilepsy patients. We studied cerebral perfusion after generalized seizures elicited by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and its relation to seizure duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with a major depressive episode who underwent ECT were included. During treatment, 21\u2010channel continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired before the ECT course (baseline) and approximately 1 h after an ECT\u2010induced seizure (postictal) to quantify global and regional gray matter cerebral blood flow (CBF). Seizure duration was assessed from the period of epileptiform discharges on the EEG. Healthy controls were scanned twice to assess test\u2013retest variability. We performed hypothesis\u2010driven Bayesian analyses to study the relation between global and regional perfusion changes and seizure duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010four patients and 27 healthy controls were included. Changes in postictal global and regional CBF were correlated with seizure duration. In patients with longer seizure durations, global decrease in CBF reached values up to 28\u2009mL\/100\u2009g\/min. Regional reductions in CBF were most prominent in the inferior frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and insula (up to 35\u2009mL\/100\u2009g\/min). In patients with shorter seizures, global and regional perfusion increased (up to 20\u2009mL\/100\u2009g\/min). These perfusion changes were larger than changes observed in healthy controls, with a maximum median global CBF increase of 12\u2009mL\/100\u2009g\/min and a maximum median global CBF decrease of 20\u2009mL\/100\u2009g\/min.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seizure duration is a key factor determining postictal perfusion changes. In future studies, seizure duration needs to be considered as a confounding factor due to its opposite effect on postictal perfusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T02:07:57Z","timestamp":1700186877000},"page":"177-189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Changes in postictal cerebral perfusion are related to the duration of electroconvulsive therapy\u2010induced seizures"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8049-9865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia C. M.","family":"Pottk\u00e4mper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Group University of Twente  Enschede the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Rijnstate Hospital  Arnhem the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joey P. A. J.","family":"Verdijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Group University of Twente  Enschede the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Rijnstate Hospital  Arnhem the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Aalbregt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Center Location Academic Medical Center  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Stuiver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Group University of Twente  Enschede the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Rijnstate Hospital  Arnhem the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurens","family":"van de Mortel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Amsterdam University Medical Center Location Academic Medical Center  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Group University of Twente  Enschede the Netherlands"},{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior Radboud University  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8319-3626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel J. 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M.","family":"van Putten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Group University of Twente  Enschede the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Medisch Spectrum Twente  Enschede the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeannette","family":"Hofmeijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Group University of Twente  Enschede the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Rijnstate Hospital  Arnhem the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido A.","family":"van Wingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Amsterdam University Medical Center Location Academic Medical Center  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen A.","family":"van Waarde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Rijnstate Hospital  Arnhem the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16519"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.19352"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13827"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6981843"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00204-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(03)00073-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.023036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(94)90148-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950110044007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1986.tb51259.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-019-02227-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.00919.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2021.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12532"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2013.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06206-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"The MINI\u2010international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM\u2010IV and ICD\u201010","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan DV","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","unstructured":"Nederlandse Vereniging Voor Psychiaters.Richtlijnen Electroconvulsietherapie. 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