{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:32:22Z","timestamp":1792557142397,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to assess the ability of semiautomated electric source imaging (ESI) from long\u2010term video\u2010electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring (LTM) to determine the epileptogenicity of temporopolar encephaloceles (TEs) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study involving 32 temporal lobe epilepsy patients with TEs as potentially epileptogenic lesions in structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. Findings were validated through invasive intracerebral stereo\u2010EEG in six of 32 patients and postsurgical outcome after tailored resection of the TE in 17 of 32 patients. LTM (mean duration\u2009=\u20096\u2009days) was performed using the 10\/20 system with additional T1\/T2 for all patients and sphenoidal electrodes in 23 of 32 patients. Semiautomated detection and clustering of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) were carried out to create IED types. ESI was performed on the averages of the two most frequent IED types per patient, utilizing individual head models, and two independent inverse methods (sLORETA [standardized low\u2010resolution brain electromagnetic tomography], MUSIC [multiple signal classification]). ESI maxima concordance and propagation in spatial relation to TEs were quantified for sources with good signal quality (signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio\u2009&gt;\u20092, explained signal &gt;\u200960%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ESI maxima correctly colocalized with a TE in 20 of 32 patients (62.5%) either at the onset or half\u2010rising flank of at least one IED type per patient. ESI maxima showed propagation from the temporal pole to other temporal or extratemporal regions in 14 of 32 patients (44%), confirming propagation originating in the area of the TE. The findings from both inverse methods validated each other in 14 of 20 patients (70%), and sphenoidal electrodes exhibited the highest signal amplitudes in 17 of 23 patients (74%). The concordance of ESI with the TE predicted a seizure\u2010free postsurgical outcome (Engel I vs. &gt;I) with a diagnostic odds ratio of 2.1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Semiautomated ESI from LTM often successfully identifies the epileptogenicity of TEs and the IED onset zone within the area of the TEs. Additionally, it shows potential predictive power for postsurgical outcomes in these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T10:29:06Z","timestamp":1706005746000},"page":"651-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Semiautomated electric source imaging determines epileptogenicity of encephaloceles in temporal lobe epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8486-1614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorin\u2010Cristian","family":"Antal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Epilepsy Center, Medical Center\u2013University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Neurology Clinic Rehabilitation Clinical Hospital  Ia\u0219i Romania"},{"name":"I Neurology Clinic \"Prof. Dr. N. Oblu\" Emergency Clinical Hospital  Iasi Romania"},{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy \"Grigore T. Popa\"  Iasi Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8610-2216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk\u2010Matthias","family":"Altenm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Epilepsy Center, Medical Center\u2013University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1476-7777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"D\u00fcmpelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Epilepsy Center, Medical Center\u2013University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Scheiwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center\u2013University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Reinacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center\u2013University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliza\u2010Theona","family":"Crihan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section II Acute Institute of Psychiatry \"Socola\"  Iasi Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan\u2010Emilian","family":"Ignat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Clinic Rehabilitation Clinical Hospital  Ia\u0219i Romania"},{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy \"Grigore T. 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