{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T07:24:41Z","timestamp":1773732281796,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010frequency oscillations (HFOs) are associated with normal brain function, but are also increasingly recognized as potential biomarkers of epileptogenic tissue. Considering the important role of interneuron activity in physiological HFO generation, we studied their modulation by midazolam (MDZ), an agonist of \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid type A (GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>)\u2013benzodiazepine receptors. Here, we analyzed 80 intracranial electrode contacts in amygdala and hippocampus of 13 patients with drug\u2010refractory focal epilepsy who had received MDZ for seizure termination during presurgical monitoring. Ripples (80\u2013250\u2009Hz) and fast ripples (FRs; 250\u2013400\u2009Hz) were compared before and after seizures with MDZ application, and according to their origin either within or outside the individual seizure onset zone (SOZ). We found that MDZ distinctly suppressed all HFOs (ripples and FRs), whereas the reduction of ripples was significantly less pronounced inside the SOZ compared to non\u2010SOZ contacts. The rate of FRs inside the SOZ was less affected, especially in hippocampal contacts. In a few cases, even a marked increase of FRs following MDZ administration was seen. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, a significant HFO modulation in amygdala and hippocampus by MDZ, thus giving insights into the malfunction of GABA\u2010mediated inhibition within epileptogenic areas and its role in HFO generation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T09:34:55Z","timestamp":1708162495000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of midazolam on high\u2010frequency oscillations in amygdala and hippocampus of epilepsy patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2414-0441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas M.","family":"Hebel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy\u2010Center Berlin\u2013Brandenburg, Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy\u2010Center Hamburg Protestant Hospital Alsterdorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Malina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy\u2010Center Hamburg Protestant Hospital Alsterdorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan R. G.","family":"Stodieck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy\u2010Center Hamburg Protestant Hospital Alsterdorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1616-6692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel","family":"Le\u00a0Van\u00a0Quyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biom\u00e9dicale Inserm U1146\/Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 UMCR2\/UMR7371 CNRS  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2012.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22488"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-05-02012.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0437-08.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.4.1743"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03685.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000344402.20334.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2018.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50932"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50941"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.10.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau8956"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199005000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.06.029"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.17916","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T10:53:31Z","timestamp":1732877611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.17916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.17916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.17916","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}