{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T16:59:27Z","timestamp":1789232367147,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Amygdala enlargement is detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in some patients with drug\u2010resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but its clinical significance remains uncertain We aimed to assess if the presence of amygdala enlargement (1) predicted seizure outcome following anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy (ATL\u2010AH) and (2) was associated with specific histopathological changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a case\u2013control study. We included patients with drug\u2010resistant TLE who underwent ATL\u2010AH with and without amygdala enlargement detected on pre\u2010operative MRI. Amygdala volumetry was done using FreeSurfer for patients who had high\u2010resolution T1\u2010weighted images. Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      test was used to compare pre\u2010operative clinical characteristics between the two groups. The amygdala volume on the epileptogenic side was compared to the amygdala volume on the contralateral side among cases and controls. Then, we used a two\u2010sample, independent\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      test to compare the means of amygdala volume differences between cases and controls. The chi\u2010square test was used to assess the correlation of amygdala enlargement with (1) post\u2010surgical seizure outcomes and (2) histopathological changes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nineteen patients with and 19 patients without amygdala enlargement were studied. Their median age at surgery was 38\u2009years for cases and 39\u2009years for controls, and 52.6% were male. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in their pre\u2010operative clinical characteristics. There were significant differences in the means of volume difference between cases and controls (Diff\u2009=\u2009457.2\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 95% confidence interval [CI] 289.6\u2013624.8;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and in the means of percentage difference (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). However, there was no significant association between amygdala enlargement and surgical outcome (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.72) or histopathological changes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.63).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The presence of amygdala enlargement on the pre\u2010operative brain MRI in patients with TLE does not affect the surgical outcome following ATL\u2010AH, and it does not necessarily suggest abnormal histopathology. These findings suggest that amygdala enlargement might reflect a secondary reactive process to seizures in the epileptogenic temporal lobe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T11:45:17Z","timestamp":1711626317000},"page":"1709-1719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Amygdala enlargement in temporal lobe epilepsy: Histopathology and surgical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2262-0377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lubna","family":"Shakhatreh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience The Central Clinical School, Monash University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Alfred Health  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P.","family":"Morokoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1888-6917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhibin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience The Central Clinical School, Monash University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology The Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University  Melbourne Victoria 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