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SDEs, employed for superficial cortical seizure foci localization, provide information on two\u2010dimensional seizure onset and propagation. In contrast, SEEG, with its three\u2010dimensional sampling, allows exploration of deep brain structures, sulcal folds, and bihemispheric networks. SEEG offers the advantages of fewer complications, better tolerability, and coverage of sulci. Although both modalities allow electrical stimulation, SDE mapping can tessellate cortical gyri, providing the opportunity for a tailored resection. With SEEG, both superficial gyri and deep sulci can be stimulated, and there is a lower risk of afterdischarges and stimulation\u2010induced seizures. Most systematic reviews and meta\u2010analyses have addressed the comparative effectiveness of SDEs and SEEG in localizing the EZ and achieving seizure freedom, although discrepancies persist in the literature. The combination of SDEs and SEEG could potentially overcome the limitations inherent to each technique individually, better delineating seizure foci. This review describes the strengths and limitations of SDE and SEEG recordings, highlighting their unique indications in seizure localization, as evidenced by recent publications. Addressing controversies in the perceived usefulness of the two techniques offers insights that can aid in selecting the most suitable IEEG in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T15:59:42Z","timestamp":1715270382000},"page":"1868-1878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Depth versus surface: A critical review of subdural and depth electrodes in intracranial electroencephalographic studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2461-6323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shasha","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoum 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