{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T23:31:30Z","timestamp":1788564690298,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021809","name":"Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) significantly impacts morbidity and mortality, yet local PTE data remain scarce. In addition, there is a lack of evidence on cognitive comorbidity in individuals with PTE in the literature. We sought to identify potential PTE predictors and evaluate cognitive comorbidity in patients with PTE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 2\u2010year retrospective cohort study was employed, in which adults with a history of admission for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in 2019 and 2020 were contacted. Three hundred one individuals agreed to participate, with a median follow\u2010up time of 30.75\u2009months. The development of epilepsy was ascertained using a validated tool and confirmed by our neurologists during visits. Clinical psychologists assessed the patients\u2019 cognitive performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 2\u2010year cumulative incidence of PTE was 9.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.9\u201312.7). The significant predictors of PTE were identified as a previous history of brain injury [hazard ratio [HR] 4.025,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.021], and intraparenchymal hemorrhage (HR: 2.291,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.036), after adjusting for other confounders. TBI patients with PTE performed significantly worse on the total ACE\u2010III cognitive test (73.5 vs 87.0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.018), CTMT (27.5 vs 33.0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.044), and PSI (74.0 vs 86.0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.006) than TBI patients without PTE. A significantly higher percentage of individuals in the PTE group had cognitive impairment, compared to the non\u2010PTE group based on ACE\u2010III (53.6% vs 46.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.001) and PSI (70% vs 31.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.005) scores at 2\u2009years post\u2010TBI follow\u2010up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study emphasizes the link between TBI and PTE and the chance of developing cognitive impairment in the future. Clinicians can target interventions to prevent PTE by identifying specific predictors, which helps them make care decisions and develop therapies to improve patients\u2019 quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T09:04:26Z","timestamp":1715850266000},"page":"1962-1974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Incidence and predictors of posttraumatic epilepsy and cognitive impairment in patients with traumatic brain injury: A retrospective cohort study in Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0914-8058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irma Wati","family":"Ngadimon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences Monash University Malaysia  Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0898-2729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devi","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences Monash University Malaysia  Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Public Health The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9865-6224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd. Farooq","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences Monash University Malaysia  Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences Charles Sturt University  Orange New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine Monash University  Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6756-0411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching Soong","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4827-7984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui Jan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nor Syazwani","family":"Chamhuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8652-7369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wing Loong","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Monash University Malaysia  Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4889-3365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel","family":"Aledo\u2010Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synaptia Epilepsy Center Vithas La Milagrosa University Hospital  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li Ling","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Mey","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pakar Kanak\u2010Kanak Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farizal","family":"Fadzil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jegan","family":"Thanabalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global Actions on epilepsy and other neurological disorders.2020https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(18)30499\u2010X.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.10.JNS17352"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).Global status report on road safety 2018.2018https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241565684"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health.MOH Statistics and Indicators: road traffic injuries and deaths.2021.https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sa\/en\/Ministry\/Statistics\/Pages\/Traffic\u2010accidents.aspx. 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