{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:49:49Z","timestamp":1790059789369,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH\u201017\u20101\u20100619"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH\u201017\u20101\u20100619"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often present with seizures (functional and\/or epileptic), but treatments for patients with TBI and seizures are limited. We examined treatment phase and 1\u2010year post\u2010enrollment outcomes following neurobehavioral therapy (NBT) for patients with TBI\u2009+\u2009functional seizures (FS) and TBI\u2009+\u2009epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this multicenter, prospective, three\u2010group, nonrandomized, controlled trial, with 1\u2010year post\u2010enrollment follow\u2010up, three cohorts of adults were recruited: TBI\u2009+\u2009video\u2010electroencephalography (EEG)\u2010confirmed FS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200989), TBI\u2009+\u2009EEG\u2010confirmed epilepsy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200929), and chart\/history\u2010confirmed TBI without seizures (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200975). Exclusion criteria were recent psychotic or self\u2010injurious behavior, current suicidal ideation, pending litigation or long\u2010term disability, active substance use disorder, and inability to participate in study procedures. TBI\u2009+\u2009FS and TBI\u2009+\u2009epilepsy groups completed NBT for seizures, an evidence\u2010based, 12\u2010session, multimodal psychotherapy, whereas TBI without seizures participants received standard medical care. The primary outcome was change in seizure frequency; secondary outcomes were changes in mental health, TBI\u2010related symptoms, disability, and quality of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reductions in average monthly seizures occurred during treatment in TBI\u2009+\u2009FS participants (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002) and were significant from baseline (mean\u2009=\u200916.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u200911.44\u201324.53) to 12 months post\u2010enrollment (mean\u2009=\u20097.28, 95% CI\u2009=\u20094.37\u201312.13, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.38). Monthly seizures decreased during treatment in TBI\u2009+\u2009epilepsy participants (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002); reductions were not statistically significant from baseline (mean\u2009=\u20092.38, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.12\u20135.04) to 12\u2010month postenrollment (mean\u2009=\u2009.98, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009.40\u20132.42, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.07, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.22). Regarding treatment\u2010phase changes in secondary outcome measures, TBI\u2009+\u2009FS participants improved significantly on 10 of 19 variables (52.6%), TBI\u2009+\u2009epilepsy participants improved on five of 19 (26.3%), and TBI\u2010only\u00a0comparisons improved on only one of 19 (5.3%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>NBT benefited patients with TBI\u2009+\u2009FS and TBI\u2009+\u2009epilepsy. Improvements were demonstrated at 1\u2009year post\u2010enrollment in those with TBI\u2009+\u2009FS. NBT may be a clinically useful treatment for patients with seizures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T16:23:58Z","timestamp":1728577438000},"page":"3545-3560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["One\u2010year follow\u2010up of neurobehavioral therapy in functional seizures or epilepsy with traumatic brain injury: A nonrandomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6203-6688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Van Patten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Providence Healthcare System, Center forNeurorestoration and Neurotechnology, and Brown University  Providence Rhode Island 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Alabama  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6525-789X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler E.","family":"Gaston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama  Birmingham Alabama USA"},{"name":"Birmingham VA Medical Center  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7550-679X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie P.","family":"Grayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama  Birmingham Alabama USA"},{"name":"Birmingham VA Medical Center  Birmingham Alabama 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