{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T15:27:58Z","timestamp":1785166078686,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005351","name":"Neurosurgery Research and Education Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005351","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002081","name":"Irish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3948"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["864522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["864522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T005335\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T005335\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2254\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2254\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction (BBBD) has been linked to various neurological disorders, including epilepsy. This study aims to utilize dynamic contrast\u2010enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE\u2010MRI) to identify and compare brain regions with BBBD in patients with epilepsy (PWE) and healthy individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We scanned 50 drug\u2010resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients and 58 control participants from four global specialized epilepsy centers using DCE\u2010MRI. The presence and extent of BBBD were analyzed and compared between PWE and healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both greater brain volume and higher number of brain regions with BBBD were significantly present in PWE compared to healthy controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u200910<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>). No differences in total brain volume with BBBD were observed in patients diagnosed with either focal seizures or generalized epilepsy, despite variations in the affected regions. Overall brain volume with BBBD did not differ in PWE with MRI\u2010visible lesions compared with non\u2010lesional cases. BBBD was observed in brain regions suspected to be related to the onset of seizures in 82% of patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200939) and was typically identified in, adjacent to, and\/or in the same hemisphere as the suspected epileptogenic lesion (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings are consistent with pre\u2010clinical studies that highlight the role of BBBD in the development of DRE and identify microvascular stabilization as a potential therapeutic strategy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T14:10:34Z","timestamp":1730902234000},"page":"195-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Imaging blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction in drug\u2010resistant epilepsy: A multi\u2010center feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2238-9973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nir","family":"Cafri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Professor Vladimir Zelman Inter\u2010Disciplinary Center of Brain Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Professor Vladimir Zelman Inter\u2010Disciplinary Center of Brain Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital and Tel\u2010Aviv University  Petah Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheida","family":"Mirloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Neuroscience Dalhousie University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Zarhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital and Tel\u2010Aviv University  Petah Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyna","family":"Kamintsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Neuroscience Dalhousie University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonatan","family":"Serlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Neuroscience Dalhousie University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"},{"name":"Neurophysiology of Epilepsy Unit National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laith","family":"Alhadeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Neuroscience Dalhousie University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilan","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital and Tel\u2010Aviv University  Petah Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Maclean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery Dalhousie University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Whatley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Dalhousie University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilia","family":"Urman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital and Tel\u2010Aviv University  Petah Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin P.","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Neurology, School of Medicine Trinity College  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Smurfit Institute of Genetics Trinity College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6528-513X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Behan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Neurology, School of Medicine Trinity College  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Declan","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Neurology, School of Medicine Trinity College  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Smurfit Institute of Genetics Trinity College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Dalhousie University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gal","family":"Ben\u2010Arie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Soroka Medical Center  Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilan","family":"Shelef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britta","family":"Wandschneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"UCL\u2010Epilepsy Society MRI Unit Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy  Chalfont St Peter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4277-8000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Koepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"UCL\u2010Epilepsy Society MRI Unit Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy  Chalfont St Peter UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4780-8456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alon","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Professor Vladimir Zelman Inter\u2010Disciplinary Center of Brain Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Professor Vladimir Zelman Inter\u2010Disciplinary Center of Brain Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"},{"name":"Department of Medical Neuroscience Dalhousie University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3097-4693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Benninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital and Tel\u2010Aviv University  Petah Tikva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2015.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22311"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0430-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2323-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23758"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24147"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07394-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-021-02348-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy242"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-10-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa140"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6483"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29657-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.025247"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.2682"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0587-16.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx073"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14739"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17929"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13671"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","unstructured":"Statistical Parametric Mapping. Accessed March 10 2024.https:\/\/www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk\/spm\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","unstructured":"spm12\/tpm at master \u00b7 neurodebian\/spm12. GitHub. Accessed March 10 2024.https:\/\/github.com\/neurodebian\/spm12\/tree\/master\/tpm"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad284"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcps.2015.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-022-00508-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03666.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl317"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12713"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws147"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.18145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T06:30:58Z","timestamp":1741761058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.18145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.18145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.18145","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}