{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:43:37Z","timestamp":1789029817550,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017460","name":"Brain Institute, University of Virginia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS120945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS120945"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37 NS119012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37 NS119012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Focal cortical seizures travel long distances from the onset zone, but the long\u2010distance propagation pathways are uncertain. In\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo imaging techniques have investigated the local spread of seizures but did not elucidate long\u2010distance spread. Furthermore, classical studies in slices suggested seizure spread locally along deep cortical layers, whereas more recent in\u00a0vivo imaging studies posit a role for superficial cortical layers in local spread.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We imaged seizure\u2010activated neurons using activity reporter mice and measured local field potentials (LFPs) using microelectrode arrays to map cortical seizure propagation in awake mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frontal lobe onset seizures activate more neurons in superficial layers 2\u20133 than deep layers 5\u20136 throughout the cortex. LFP recordings demonstrate that seizures spread faster through the superficial than deep layers over long cortical distances of 3.5\u2009mm. We also show that monosynaptically connected long\u2010distance neurons are in the seizure circuit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We propose that long\u2010distance cortical seizure spread occurs preferentially via synaptically connected superficial cortical neurons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T11:03:45Z","timestamp":1735038225000},"page":"929-941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Preferential superficial cortical layer activation during seizure propagation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Brodovskaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinnosuke","family":"Shiono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengsan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6237-3863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Perez\u2010Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8608-1352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaideep","family":"Kapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"},{"name":"Brain Institute University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.05.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00159-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3176-18.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0901-1063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy116"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1967.00470200082007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"273","article-title":"The dentate gyrus as a regulated gate for the propagation of epileptiform activity","volume":"7","author":"Heinemann U","year":"1992","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"The dentate gyrus as a control point for seizures in the hippocampus and beyond","volume":"7","author":"Lothman EW","year":"1992","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/310685a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01154.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2017.00100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3469"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Development, specification, and diversity of callosal projection neurons","volume":"34","author":"Fame RM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4338-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26338"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"2336","article-title":"Parallel pathways of seizure generalization","volume":"142","author":"Dabrowska N","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","article-title":"Construction of local field potential microelectrodes for in\u00a0vivo recordings from multiple brain structures simultaneously","volume":"14","author":"Brodovskaya A","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-7-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16715"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan6747"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2004559"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq067"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-02973-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25628"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00172"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-011-1944-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11098"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0669-21.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3917"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2018.00033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1710323115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb02032.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1982.48.6.1302"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-18-j0005.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0753-07.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1992.68.4.1345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.01.030.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902960407"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106474"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25601"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3408-12.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2020.101984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107402"}],"container-title":["Epilepsia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/epi.18239","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T11:44:36Z","timestamp":1764416676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/epi.18239"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/epi.18239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.18239","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9580","1528-1167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9580","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-1167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}