{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:05:37Z","timestamp":1780499137435,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["507037359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["507037359"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FDN\u2010143208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDN\u2010143208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT\u2010175056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT\u2010175056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Memory impairment is common in people with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Recent studies in healthy subjects showed a positive correlation between sleep spindles coupled to slow waves (SWs) and memory performance. We aimed to determine differences in spindle\u2013SW coupling in TLE patients compared to healthy controls using combined high\u2010density electroencephalography and polysomnography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study population consisted of 20 patients (12 female, 36.5\u2009\u00b1\u20099.9\u2009years old) with unilateral drug\u2010resistant TLE (10 left temporal) and 20 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched controls (12 female, 31.2\u2009\u00b1\u20096.3\u2009years old). Spindles (10\u201316\u2009Hz, .5\u20133\u2009s) and SWs (.5\u20134\u2009Hz) were automatically detected during all N2 and N3 epochs using validated detectors. Coupling of spindles with SWs was defined as overlap between both detected events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Coupled spindle\u2013SW rates (per minute) were globally reduced in patients with TLE compared to healthy controls (median = .18 [interquartile range (IQR) = .08\u2013.36] vs. .35 [IQR = .24\u2013.46],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.014,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212.46). This reduction was also found for coupled fast spindle (12\u201316\u2009Hz)\u2013SW (.06 [IQR = .02\u2013.13] vs. .18 [IQR = .07\u2013.25],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.013,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212.46) and slow spindle (10\u201312\u2009Hz)\u2013SW rates (.11 [IQR = .04\u2013.23] vs. .19 [IQR = .13\u2013.27],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.034,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212.40). Within TLE patients, there was no local difference between the coupling rates in the lobe with the epileptic focus compared to the contralateral side (.09 [IQR = .02\u2013.13] vs. .07 [IQR = .02\u2013.13],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.18). The effect size of the reduction was stronger in early than late sleep for both N2 and N3 sleep (early N2\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212.50 vs. late N2\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212.39; early N3\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212.53 vs. late N3\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212.47).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite a focal epileptic generator, patients with unilateral TLE showed a widespread decoupling between sleep spindles and SWs that was most prominent in early sleep. As coupling was shown to be associated with neuropsychological performance in healthy people, this global decoupling may constitute one potential mechanism of poor memory performance in people with TLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T11:34:31Z","timestamp":1741952071000},"page":"2421-2432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Widespread decoupling of spindles and slow waves in temporal lobe epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Schiller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Analytical Neurophysiology Lab, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hospital Group Ostallgaeu\u2010Kaufbeuren  Kaufbeuren Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric 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