{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T00:20:51Z","timestamp":1794097251077,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10.002.812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.002.812"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["180365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["180365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320030_179240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320030_179240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRSII5_193813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRSII5_193813"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop and validate a wrist\u2010worn accelerometer\u2010based, deep\u2010learning tunable algorithm for the automated detection of generalized or bilateral convulsive seizures (CSs) to be integrated with off\u2010the\u2010shelf smartwatches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a prospective multi\u2010center study across eight European epilepsy monitoring units, collecting data from 384 patients undergoing video electroencephalography (vEEG) monitoring with a wrist\u2010worn three dimensional (3D)\u2013accelerometer sensor. We developed an ensemble\u2010based convolutional neural network architecture with tunable sensitivity through quantile\u2010based aggregation. The model, referred to as Episave, used accelerometer amplitude as input. It was trained on data from 37 patients who had 54 CSs and evaluated on an independent dataset comprising 347 patients, including 33 who had 49 CSs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010validation on the training set showed that optimal performance was obtained with an aggregation quantile of 60, with a 98% sensitivity, and a false alarm rate (FAR) of 1\/6\u2009days. Using this quantile on the independent test set, the model achieved a 96% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI]: 90%\u2013100%), a FAR of &lt;1\/8\u2009days (95% CI: 1\/9\u20131\/7\u2009days) with 1 FA\/61 nights, and a median detection latency of 26\u2009s. One of the two missed CSs could be explained by the patient's arm, which was wearing the sensor, being trapped in the bed rail. Other quantiles provided up to 100% sensitivity at the cost of a greater FAR (1\/2\u2009days) or very low FAR (1\/100\u2009days) at the cost of lower sensitivity (86%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This Phase 2 clinical validation study suggests that deep learning techniques applied to single\u2010sensor accelerometer data can achieve high CS detection performance while enabling tunable sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T09:40:14Z","timestamp":1745401214000},"page":"53-63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Deep learning\u2013based detection of generalized convulsive seizures using a wrist\u2010worn accelerometer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Antoine","family":"Spahr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroDigital@NeuroTech, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0207-0064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano","family":"Bernini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroDigital@NeuroTech, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Ducouret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroDigital@NeuroTech, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) University of Lausanne  Lausanne 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Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6135-8642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Imbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Epilepsy Center Klinik Lengg  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6035-6581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e0ndor","family":"Beniczky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Danish Epilepsy Centre  Dianalund Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidsel A.","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Danish Epilepsy Centre  Dianalund Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4663-8515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvain","family":"Rheims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon Lyon 1 University  Lyon France"},{"name":"Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U1028\/CNRS UMR 5292 Epilepsy Institute  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6959-6848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Fabricius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margitta","family":"Seeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EEG and Epilepsy Unit, University 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