{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:54:35Z","timestamp":1787507675351,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluates the interobserver reliability (IR) and diagnostic accuracy of home video in distinguishing sleep\u2010related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) from disorders of arousal (DoA) among neurologists with varying levels of expertise. Additionally, it assesses the learning effect in nonexpert raters and extrapolates key diagnostic elements and confounding factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We selected 24 home videos capturing sleep\u2010related events recognized as typical from 12 patients with confirmed SHE and 12 with DoA. During a full\u2010day video session, a panel of 18 experts in epileptology or in sleep medicine and 12 general neurologists and residents were asked to classify each video as \u201cSHE,\u201d \u201cDoA,\u201d or \u201cunknown,\u201d based on the semiology of the event. Baseline IR among all raters and among neurologists before and after experts' discussion was calculated using kappa statistics. The learning effect for nonexperts was assessed using McNemar test by comparing performance before and after training. A thematic analysis of raters' comments was conducted to extrapolate discriminatory features for diagnosis and to identify confounding factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall agreement was 75%, with a \u201cmoderate\u201d IR (kappa\u2009=\u2009.56). Raw agreement among experts was 79%, with \u201csubstantial\u201d IR (kappa\u2009=\u2009.62). Among general neurologists, raw agreement improved from 70% to 82% after training, corresponding to \u201cmoderate\u201d IR (kappa\u2009=\u2009.47) and \u201csubstantial\u201d IR (kappa\u2009=\u2009.65), respectively. Disagreement was higher for DoA cases. The thematic analysis identified abrupt onset and brief duration of episodes, ambulatory behavior, and irregular breathing as the main confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Home video is a reliable tool for distinguishing between SHE and DoA. IR is substantial when assessed by experts and among nonexperts after appropriate educational training. The use of home video as a diagnostic tool is feasible for clinicians with limited access to specialized diagnostic facilities, as well as for sleep and epilepsy specialists, aiding in the diagnostic process and in the follow\u2010up assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T14:38:59Z","timestamp":1754750339000},"page":"4343-4353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Reliability and diagnostic accuracy of home video recording in differentiating sleep\u2010related hypermotor epilepsy from disorders of arousal"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Licchetta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, full member of European Reference Network EpiCARE (European Reference Network for Rare and Complex Epilepsies)  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Mainieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, full member of European Reference Network EpiCARE (European Reference Network for Rare and Complex Epilepsies)  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Loddo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care Azienda AUSL (Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale) of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Baccari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, full member of European Reference Network EpiCARE (European Reference Network for Rare and Complex Epilepsies)  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Bruschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Taruffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9317-5405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lino","family":"Nobili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS, G. Gaslini Institute, full member of European Reference Network EpiCARE  Genoa Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences (DiNOGMI \u2013 Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health) University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Tinuper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9051-7091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Vignatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, full member of European Reference Network EpiCARE (European Reference Network for Rare and Complex Epilepsies)  Bologna 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